Class D info
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| The primary purpose of the Water Utility Industry | The production and delivery of safe drinking water to consumers
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| Those who work in the public water industry have a responsibility to meet standards created by these types of government entities. | Federal and State
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| basic federal and state standards state that Water must be: | disinfected, delivered at adequate pressure, and be ample in quantity.
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| Employees should guard what | the water supply and facilities
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| Employees should guard the water supply and facilities from these three things. | contamination, vandalism and terrorism
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| Bacteriological analysis records are kept for | 5 years
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| Chemical analysis records are kept for | 10 years
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| Records about action taken to correct violations of primary drinking water regulations are kept for | 3 years after last action taken
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| Written documentation relating to sanitary surveys conducted are kept for | 10 years after the survey is completed
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| Documentation of a variance or exemption granted is kept for | 5 years after its expiration
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| Results of required tests, measurements or analysis must be reported | within 10 days following its completion
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| A copy of Consumer Confidence reports (EPA Required)must be kept for | 5 years
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| Administers water operator licensing | TCEQ
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| TCEQ | Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
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| Description of a public water system | Regularly serves at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of the year.Services at least 15 service connections.
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| MUDs | Municipal Utility Districts
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| Water is essential to | Life and health
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| Customers are entitled to | courteous treatment & answers to questions about water
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| This type of public system is not required to compile monthly reports | systems that serve less than 100 connections OR purchase treated water
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| Job training for water utility operators is available through these 3 organizations | American Water Works Association, Texas Engineering Extension Service, Texas Water Utilities Association
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| All public water systems are required to employ certified operators even if the system only | redistributes treated water bought from another source
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| cities, municipal utility districts,rural water supply corporations mobile home parks, campgrounds are examples of: | Public Water Systems
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| Examples of community water systems | cities, municipal utility districts,rural water supply corporations, mobile home parks, campgrounds
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| Non-community water system | Any public water system that is not a community system
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| travel trailer spaces, Hotel and motel rooms, service stations are examples of this type of water systems | non-community water systems
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| The federal agency that impacts the water industry | EPA
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| EPA | Environmental Protection Agency
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| The most important federal law impacting the water utility industry is the | Safe Drinking Water Act
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| The Safe Drinking Water Act establishes these 4 national safety and quality standards | Physical, Chemical, Bacteriological, Radiological
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| The state agency that regulated drinking water in Texas and administers the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act | TCEQ
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| The water system must notify the TCEQ when (5 items) | there is a change or alteration of the system; a new facility to be build; water supply health hazards; change in water quality; change in water source
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| MUDs; Rural Water Supply Corporations; Drainage Districts; Ground Water Conservation Districts; Subsidence Districts and River Authorities -- These are what type of agencies and what do they impact? | Regional and local agencies that impact the water utility industry
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| The relationship between you and the customer | Public Relations
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| PR | Public Relations
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| Wat are the three keys to good customer relations | Everything the utility does is PR; Customers are entitles to courteous treatment; Every employee is a PR person
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| Customers have the most contact with | Meter Readers
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| Meter readers can be ambassadors of goodwill by doing these 5 things | wearing identifying clothing; being neat and courteous; Teaching customers how to read their meter; Explaining utility policies such as delinquent notices or disputed readings; Taking care or property
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| Maintenance crews can warn customers of | service interruptions
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| Maintenance crews can provide this to protect the public | signs and barriers
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| The plant operator is responsible for making the water | safe to drink and use
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| Water bills should be 4 things | accurate; itemized; neat; legible
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| It is important that the utility have a sense of this (attitude) | pride and professionalism
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| Employees should be kept informed of utility... | plans and policies
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| How should customer complaints be treated? | as legitimate and investigated as soon as possible
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| In small water systems the operator is often | a meter reader, repair crew and pump operator; the highest paid employee; a college graduate
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| Stuffers are | sent to customers in billing statements
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| Suffers can be many things. Name 4. | departments to call for service; explanations of utility policy; a history of the utility; tips on water conservation
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| Delinquent payment notices should be (4 things) | tactful and tasteful; mailed in an envelope; businesslike
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| The EPA requires community water systems to The water system must provide customers with a report on the system's water quality how often? | yearly
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| The annual system water quality report should be | attractive; easy to understand
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| The annual system water quality report can build what | goodwill and trust with the customer
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| Good treatment of employees includes 3 primary things | fair wages; benefits; safe working conditions
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| After action is taken on a complaint the employee should do this to to make sure everything is satisfactory(OK). | follow up with a phone call, post card or e-mail
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| Give 3 reasons that water plant facilities should be kept neat and clean | to indicate a professional attitude; to keep public support; to keep confidence in the water quality
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| The employee should listen to special requests and look for ways to oblige the customer within | utility policy
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| The chemical symbol for water | H2O
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| Three forms of water | solid(ice); liquid(water); water(vapor/gas)
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| Hydrological cycle | the natural exchange of water between the earth and atmosphere
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| Average water use depends on these 5 things | temperature; rainfall; cost; supply; economic level
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| Ground Water is located | located below the earth's surface (underground)
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| Name the three places that surface water comes from. | rivers; lakes; reservoirs
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| According to the TCEQ, future water supplies will be | more scarce
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| Raw Water | Surface water or ground water prior to treatment
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| Ground water is tapped by | wells
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| Potable water | water that is free of disease-causing organisms, has a chlorine residual and is safe for human consumption
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| Before construction, the utility must submit engineering plans to | the AWWA
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| Operators should keep records of 5 types of things | water usage; system pressure; sample results; repairs; amount of chlorine used
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| Reports by Surface water systems must be received by the TCEQ at this location | Austin
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| Reports for Surface water systems must be received by the TCEQ by | the 15th of the following month
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| How often are ground water systems are required to compile reports? | monthly
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| Reports for Ground Water Systems must be kept for... | inspection or review but are not required to mail them in
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| Types of systems that are not required to compile monthly reports | Ground Water & Surface Water that serve less than 100 connections
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| Water is never found in nature with this characteristic | pure
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| Name the 5 physical characteristics of water | Temperature; Turbidity; Color; Taste and Odor
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| Chemical Characteristics of water | Hardness; pH; Solids; Gases
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| Turbidity | the amount of suspended matter such as clay, silt, organic matter and microorganisms in water
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| Color in water can result from | mineral or organic matter
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| True color | dissolved in water; cannot be removed by filtering
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| Apparent Color | suspended in water; can be filtered out
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| an example of true color | tea
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| an example of apparent color | red water caused by oxidized iron
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| algae; bacteria; organic matter; gases; and chemicals give what to water | taste and color
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| chemicals in water are measured in | mg/L
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| mg/L | milligrams per liter
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| How often should surface water be sampled for chemical analysis? | once a year
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| How often should ground water be sampled for chemical analysis? | every 3 years
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| Hardness is caused by | calcium and magnesium and other minerals
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| The pH scale ranges from | 0 to 14
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| acidic on the pH scale is (number range) | from 0 to 7
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| basic on the pH scale is | from 7 to 14
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| neutral on the pH scales is | 7
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| Solids that can be removed by filtering | suspended
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| Solids that cannot be removed by filtering | dissolved
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| Name 3 Common gases found in water | hydrogen sulfide; carbon dioxide; methane
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| chemically water is made up of | two atoms hydrogen; one atom oxygen
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| Nature's way of recycling water | the hydrological cycle
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| the quality water standard of public water supplies is | drinking
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| one of the most important purposes of a public water supply | fire fighting
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| Organic matter includes | matter that is alive or once was alive
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| The most important treatment process is | disinfection
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| the treatment process which destroys disease-causing organisms | disinfection
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| Public water systems are required to compile a monthly report showing | disinfection
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| Most ground water is relatively free of | turbidity
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| Turbidity can be a major problem in | surface water
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| Color level should be | less than or equal to 15 units
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| Turbidity is measured in this unit | NTUs
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| Taste and Odor Units | TONs
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| Water is considered hard when | it exceeds 100 mg/L of calcium carbonate
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| A gallon of water weighs | 8.34 pounds
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| 1 mg/L of water equals | 1 ppm by weight
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| ppm | part per million
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| List 5 characteristics of Hydrogen Sulfide | heavier than air; colorless; flammable; toxic; has a rotten egg odor
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| Excessive nitrates in drinking water can cause | blue baby syndrome in infants
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| Excessive amounts of fluoride may cause | mottling/staining of teeth
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| byproducts of chlorination | Trihalomethanes THMs; Haloacetic Acids HAAs
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| Trihalomethanes and Haloacetic Acids may cause problems with (4 health related items) | the liver; kidneys; central nervous systems; increase cancer risks
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| What is the Action level for Copper? (by the Lead and Copper rule) | 1.3 mg/L
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| What is the Action level for Lead? (by the Lead and Copper rule) | .015
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| Turbidity limits | less than or equal to .3 NTU
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| What is the acceptable Fluoride range in water? | .7 to 1.0 mg/L
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| Nitrates Limits | less than or equal to 20mg/L as nitrogen
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| Dissolved solids limits | less than or equal to 1000 mg/L
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| Taste and Color Limits | less than or equal to 15 units
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| Aquifer | underground water-bearing formation yielding useful quantities of water
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| The quantity of water that a formation yields depends on | the depth, thickness, drawdown and permeability of the formation
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| What are 2 problems caused by over-pumping include | falling water levels; subsidence
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| subsidence | sinking of the land
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| the purpose of the well casing and cementing is to | protect the well from collapse and surface contamination
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| The purpose of the well screen is to | reduce/keep sand out of the well
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| the most important feature of the well screen is | the size of the openings (mesh size)
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| A screen's mesh size is determined by 3 things. What are they? | size of the aquifer material; size of the gravel in the gravel pack; type of well development
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| Gravel pack | Fine gravel placed around the well screen
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| The purpose of a well's gravel pack is to | reduce pumping sand
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| Well Vent | vacuum breaker
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| The Purpose of a well vent | to allow the casing to breathe as water levels change when the pump cycles
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| Name 2 problems that vacuums in wells can cause | drawing of contaminants into the well; restriction of the free flow of water to the well pump
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| Public wells must be provided with 4 things. What are they? | concrete sealing block; meter; screened vent; sampling faucet
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| Contamination types allowed INSIDE/WITHIN 50 feet of a well | None
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| Livestock must be this many feet away from a well | 50
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| Storm Sewers must be this many feet away from a well | 50
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| Septic Tanks must be this many feet away from a well | 50
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| Tile or Concrete Sewers must be this many feet away from a well | 50
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| UNDERGROUND Fuel Storage Tanks must be this many feet away from a well | 150
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| Septic Drainage Fields must be this many feet away from a well | 150
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| Sewage Wet Wells must be this many feet away from a well | 300
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| Sewage Pumping Stations must be this many feet away from a well | 300
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| Wastewater Drainage Ditches must be this many feet away from a well | 300
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| Animal Feed Lots must be this many feet away from a well | 500
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| Sewage Treatment Plants must be this many feet away from a well | 500
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| Solid Waste Disposal Sites must be this many feet away from a well | 500
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| Irrigation With Sewage Effluents must be this many feet away from a well | 500
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| Zone of No Sewers | 50 feet around a well
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| List 4 ways to reduce the pumping of sand | Lowering the gpm pump rate; Cycling the pump less; Installing sand separation devices; Correcting problems such as loss of gravel pack
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| GPM | Gallons per minute
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| Water from a new well should not be used until what happens? | bacteriological samples for three successive days show NO coliform
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| coliforms are | organisms
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| successive | in a row without interruption
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| consecutive | in a row without interruption
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| coliforms are | a type of organism
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| pumping level | water level with the pump running
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| static level | water level without the pump running
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| Drawdown = | pumping level - static level; the difference between static level and pumping; always a positive number
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| Surface water usually contains more of these than ground water | Microorganisms
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| Ground water usually contains less of these than surface water | Microorganisms
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| Ground water usually contains more of these than surface water | dissolved minerals and gases
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| Surface water usually contains less of these than ground water | dissolved minerals and gases
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| Water table wells are usually (depth) | shallow
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| Artesian wells are | deep wells
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| Artesian Aquifer | Deep aquifer
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| Springs | natural outcrops where an aquifer reaches the surface
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| Deep wells are usually | artesian aquifers
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| Artesian aquifers are overlaid by an | impervious layer of rock
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| impervious layer | a layer of rock that water cannot enter
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| Cone of Depression | an area around a water table well that is dewatered by pumping
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| Zone of pressure reduction | an area around an artesian well that is dewatered by pumping
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| Circle of influence | the top area around a well that is dewatered by pumping
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| An abandoned well must be | sealed
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| Public wells must be provided with a | concrete sealing block; meter; screened vent; sampling faucet
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| Contamination types allowed INSIDE/WITHIN 50 feet of a well | None
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| Livestock must be this many feet away from a well | 50
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| Storm Sewers must be this many feet away from a well | 50
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| Septic Tanks must be this many feet away from a well | 50
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| Tile or Concrete Sewers must be this many feet away from a well | 50
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| UNDERGROUND Fuel Storage Tanks must be this many feet away from a well | 150
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| Septic Drainage Fields must be this many feet away from a well | 150
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| Sewage Wet Wells must be this many feet away from a well | 300
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| Sewage Pumping Stations must be this many feet away from a well | 300
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| Wastewater Drainage Ditches must be this many feet away from a well | 300
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| Animal Feed Lots must be this many feet away from a well | 500
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| Sewage Treatment Plants must be this many feet away from a well | 500
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| Solid Waste Disposal Sites must be this many feet away from a well | 500
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| Irrigation With Sewage Effluents must be this many feet away from a well | 500
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| Zone of No Sewers | 50 feet around a well
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| Ways to reduce sand pumping | Lowering the gpm pump rate; Cycling the pump less; Installing sand separation devices; Correcting problems such as loss of gravel pack
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| GPM | Gallons per minute
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| Water from a new well should not be used until what analysis | bacteriological samples for three successive days show NO cloriforms
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| cloriforms are | organisms
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| successive | in a row without interruption
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| consecutive | in a row without interruption
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| coliforms are | types of organisms
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| pumping level | water level with the pump ringing
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| static level | water level without the pump running
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| Surface water usually contains more of these than ground water | Microorganisms
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| Ground water usually contains less of these than surface water | Microorganisms
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| Ground water usually contains more of these than surface water | dissolved minerals and gases
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| Surface water usually contains less of these than ground water | dissolved minerals and gases
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| Artesian wells are (depth) | deep wells
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| Artesian Aquifer | Deep aquifer
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| Springs | natural outcrops where an aquifer reaches the surface
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| Deep wells are usually | artesian aquifers
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| Artesian aquifers are overlaid by an | impervious layer of rock
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| impervious layer | a layer of rock that water cannot enter
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| Cone of Depression | an area around a water table well that is dewatered by pumping
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| Zone of pressure reduction | an area around an artesian well that is dewatered by pumping
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| Circle of influence | the top area around a well that is dewatered by pumping
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| Two major Auquifers in Texas | Edwards & Ogallala
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| Completed wells must be protected by | fences or locked well houses
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| Sanitary control easement | an area around a well that is secured from property owners and recorded in the county courthouse deed records
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| Size of Sanitary control easement | 150 feet around the well
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| Developing a well | process of flushing out a well
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| Purpose of developing a well | to remove drilling mud and loose sand
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| Name for methods of developing a well | surging; overpumping; jetting; backwashing
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| What dosage is required to disinfect a well | at least 50 mg/l of chlorine
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| What is the minimum length of time that a well disinfection solution needs to remain in the well | 6 hours
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| purpose of well disinfection | to disinfect the pump gravel and screen
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| The purpose of well disinfection is not to disinfect the | water in the aquifer
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| A well sample for physical and chemical analysis must be taken after | 36 hours of pumping
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| Changes in water levels or the amount of water produced/pumped from a well can show 3 things | a drop in the water table; screen stoppage; damage to the pump
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| The most common type of deep well pumps (2) | submersible & vertical turbine
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| Jet pumps | used in shallow wells when the amount of water delivered is small
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| Gases such as methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are reduced by | Aeration
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| Sodium hydroxide or soda ash is used to adjust | pH
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| Corrosiveness is reduced by | adjusting the pH
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| Two techniques used to remove calcium and magnesium | adding lime; exchanging ions
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| To soften hard water | add lime; this reacts with the hard water to remove calcium and magnesium, causing the water to "soften"
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| Two major Auquifers in Texas | Edwards & Ogallala
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| Completed wells must be protected by | fences or locked well houses
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| Sanitary control easement | an area round a well that is secured from property owners and recorded in the county courthouse deed records
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| Size of Sanitary control easement | 150 feet around the well
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| Developing a well | process of flushing out a well
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| The purpose of developing a well is to | remove drilling mud and loose sand
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| Methods of developing a well | surging; overpumping; jetting; backwashing
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| What dosage is required to disinfect a well | at least 50 mg/l of chlorine
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| length of time for well disinfection solution to remain in well | minimum of 6 hours
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| The purpose of well disinfection is to | disinfect the pump gravel and screen
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| The purpose of well disinfection is not to disinfect the | water in the aquifer
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| A well sample for physical and chemical analysis must be taken after | 36 hours of pumping
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| Changes in water levels or the amount of water produced/pumped from a well can show | a drop in the water table; screen stoppage; damage to the pump
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| submersible & vertical turbine | Most common type of deep well pumps
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| Jet pumps | used in shallow wells when the amount of water delivered is small
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| Gases such as methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are reduced by | Aeration
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| Sodium hydroxide or soda ash is used to adjust | pH
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| Corrosiveness is reduce by | adjusting the pH
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| Used to remove calcium and magnesium | adding lime; exchanging ions
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| percolation | water moving through the soil
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| Surface water | Water above ground, but not in the air
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| Percentage of public water systems that use surface water | 1/4 or 25%
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| 1000 feet | The distance that boat ramps, docks and fishing peirs must be away from a water intake
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| Lakes may be low in | Bacteria and Organic Matter
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| Rivers may be high in | Bacteria and Organic Matter
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|
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| Surface water is low in | Minerals, Gases & Dissolved Solids
🗑
|
||||
| What are the three objectives of water treatment | to protect the public health, to supply an aesthetically pleasing product and to protect consumer property
🗑
|
||||
| Name the 8 treatment required by the TCEQ for all surface water. | pretreatment, pre-disinfection, taste and odor control, coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, covered storage, and terminal disinfection
🗑
|
||||
| Name 5 methods of controlling taste and odor problems | lake destratification, algae control, aeration, chemical oxidation, activated carbon
🗑
|
||||
| Name 3 chemicals that are Coagulants | Alum, Ferrous sulfate, Ferric chloride
🗑
|
||||
| Coagulants cause | small particles in water to clot together forming floc
🗑
|
||||
| The flocculation process | forms larger particles that settle more readily
🗑
|
||||
| Jar Tests | help the operator determine which chemical and how much to apply
🗑
|
||||
| 5 things that effect Coagulation | Turbidity, pH, Temperature, Alkalinity, Chemical dosage
🗑
|
||||
| Name 2 Chlorine resistant microorganisms | Giardia, Cryptosporidium
🗑
|
||||
| Filtering is the final step in | removing suspended matter and chlorine resistant microorganisms
🗑
|
||||
| Common Filter | Rapid Sand Filter
🗑
|
||||
| Rapid Sand Filter media | has several layers of different sized media
🗑
|
||||
| Backwashing | Cleans the filter
🗑
|
||||
| A filter must be backwashed when head loss is | approximately 6 to 10 feet
🗑
|
||||
| Head | pressure
🗑
|
||||
| Quality water has low amounts of 5 things. What are they? | color, turbidity, solids, taste, odor
🗑
|
||||
| Pretreatment includes 7 processes. What are they? | lake destratification, control of algae, debris removal, presedimentation, aeration, chemical oxidation, activated carbon adsorption
🗑
|
||||
| These two things are used to control Algae Blooms | Copper sulfate and approved algacides
🗑
|
||||
| What is the Copper sulfate dosage range for Algae Bloom control | 0.1 to 0.5
🗑
|
||||
| The most effective treatment for taste and odor | Activated Carbon Adsorption
🗑
|
||||
| What 2 chemicals are used to adjust pH or alkalinity? | Lime and soda ash
🗑
|
||||
| the process of Coagulation and flocculation is | the process of using chemicals to clot particles together
🗑
|
||||
| floc must be allowed to settle in | sedimentation basins
🗑
|
||||
| Flock must be allowed to settle for a minimum of | 6 hours
🗑
|
||||
| Name7 factors that effect sedimentation | floc weight, floc size, floc shape, water temperature, detention time, water velocity, short circuiting
🗑
|
||||
| Backwashing should expand the filter by | 30 to 50%
🗑
|
||||
| Common filter problem | mud balls
🗑
|
||||
| mud balls can be prevented by | proper backwashing
🗑
|
||||
| List 4 chemicals commonly used in disinfection | chloramine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine
🗑
|
||||
| Disinfection destroys disease-causing microorganisms called | pathogens
🗑
|
||||
| Most Microorganisms ___________ pathogens. (are, are not) | are not
🗑
|
||||
| Disinfection kills pathogens without | sterilization
🗑
|
||||
| Sterilization kills what microorganisms? | All
🗑
|
||||
| Most bacteria are __________________ for life. | necessary
🗑
|
||||
| Some bacteria live and grow in the _______. | intestines
🗑
|
||||
| Waterborne or water carried pathogens live and grow in the | intestines of infected people
🗑
|
||||
| Pathogens are present only if the person is | infected
🗑
|
||||
| Waterborne Diseases (definition) | Diseases transmitted by unsafe water
🗑
|
||||
| Common Intestinal disorders related to waterborne diseases (11 names) | Typhoid; Cholera; Paratyphoid; Legionnaires' disease; Bacillary dysentery; Polio; Amoebic dysentery; Giardiasis; Hepatitis; Cryptosporidiosis; Gastroenteritis; and others
🗑
|
||||
| Indicator Microorganisms | Microorganisms that indicate that the water may contain pathogens; The total coliform group of bacteria
🗑
|
||||
| Are Indicator Microorganisms pathogens? | no
🗑
|
||||
| What type of organisms do we test for? | Indicator Microorganisms
🗑
|
||||
| Total Coliform group(type) bacteria includes | fecal and non-fecal coliform
🗑
|
||||
| Where does Fecal coliform live? | The intestines of Humans and warm-blooded animals
🗑
|
||||
| Where does non-fecal coliform primarily live? | in the soil
🗑
|
||||
| The most specific indicator of intestinal contamination | E. Coli
🗑
|
||||
| Fecal Coliform in a sample indicates that | Intestinal waste is in the sample
🗑
|
||||
| When fecal coliform is found in a sample there is ______________ of disease | a risk
🗑
|
||||
| Risk of disease is | Alarming
🗑
|
||||
| A positive fecal coliform water sample is considered | Alarming
🗑
|
||||
| Bacteriological Samples must be ___________________ of the system | Representative
🗑
|
||||
| Bacteriological Samples must be collected in: | sterile containers.
🗑
|
||||
| This must not happen to bacteriological samples during the sampling process. | They must not be contaminated.
🗑
|
||||
| Name the three types of Test Results | Positive
Negative
Unsuitable for Analysis
🗑
|
||||
| A Positive Bacteriological Sample means that: | coliform was found
🗑
|
||||
| A Negative Bacteriological Sample means that: | coliform was not found
🗑
|
||||
| The first 3 Bacteriological Sample Collection Process (there are a total of 10) | 1. Determine the number of samples required; 2. Develop a written sample-siting plan; 3. Obtain Sample Containers
🗑
|
||||
| Steps 4 through 7 of the Bacteriological Sample Collection Process (there are a total of 10) | 4. Obtain Routine samples from designated; sites; 5. Flush the service line; 6. Test the chlorine residual; 7. Flame or disinfect the faucet
🗑
|
||||
| Steps 8 through 10 of the Bacteriological Sample Collection Process | 8. Fill the sample container; 9. Fill out the form; 10. Send the sample and form to the laboratory
🗑
|
||||
| The minimum number of bacteriological samples required is based on | the population served (number of people); State and federal Agencies
🗑
|
||||
| A sample-siting plan assures that | samples are taken from active Representative services
🗑
|
||||
| Sample Containers must be | sterile
🗑
|
||||
| Sample Containers contain | sodium thiosulfate
🗑
|
||||
| Sodium thiosulfate neutralizes the | chlorine residual
🗑
|
||||
| The point of collection must be: (4 things) | Sanitary; no overhanging plants; no insect nests; no leaky faucets
🗑
|
||||
| To flush the service line you: | Open the faucet fully
🗑
|
||||
| How long do you flush the service line? | Until the water coming out is from the main line
🗑
|
||||
| How do you know when you are finished flushing the service line? | The water temperature changes - indicating that the water is from the main line
🗑
|
||||
| How do you disinfect a faucet that you are going to collect a water sample from? | Flame it or Use a chemical
🗑
|
||||
| What 3 chemicals can be used to disinfect a faucet? | Alcohol; Hydrogen peroxide; Bleach; Allow extra contact time
🗑
|
||||
| When filling a sample container you open the faucet how far? | to a pencil-sized stream of water
🗑
|
||||
| How much water goes into a sample container? | at least 100 ml but not completely full
🗑
|
||||
| if a sample container that is given to the lab is completely full what will happen? | The lab will reject it
🗑
|
||||
| When collecting a water sample DO NOT: | touch the inside of the container or cap
🗑
|
||||
| A sample container cannot be any older than | 6 months
🗑
|
||||
| When filling out a sample collection form the form must be filled out | completely
🗑
|
||||
| A sample must be received by the lab within: | 30 hours
🗑
|
||||
| If a sample is not received by the lab within 30 hours | the lab rejects it
🗑
|
||||
| How are samples cared for during transport? | cooled using ice
🗑
|
||||
| Repeat Samples are taken when | a routine sample is positive
🗑
|
||||
| The number of repeat samples needed is determined by | the number of monthly samples normally required
🗑
|
||||
| Positive samples may be removed from your record (yes, no) | yes
🗑
|
||||
| A positive sample may be removed from your record when | repeat samples are negative AND the system(you) explains why the positive sample was not representative
🗑
|
||||
| Repeat samples that are removed from your record are not | invalidated
🗑
|
||||
| Repeat samples are used to determine this type of compliance | coliform MCL compliance
🗑
|
||||
| MCL | Maximum Contaminate Level
🗑
|
||||
| Repeat Sample Procedure | Take a total of 3 samples all on the same day; repeat the process for 4 consecutive days
🗑
|
||||
| Repeat samples are taken at 3 different locations. Name them. | 1 from the point where the positive sample was taken; 1 from within 5 connection upstream from the positive point; 1 from within 5 connection downstream from the positive point
🗑
|
||||
| Monitoring is required when | required routine or repeat samples are not submitted
🗑
|
||||
| An ACUTE Risk violation occurs when any of these 3 things occur | You submit greater than or equal to 40 samples a month and > 5% are positive; You submit less than 40 samples a month and > 1 sample are positive; OR A positive FECAL coliform sample is followed by either a positive FECAL or TOTAL coliform sample
🗑
|
||||
| A NON-ACUTE Risk violation occurs when | A routine TOTAL Coliform sample is positive THEN A repeat TOTAL coliform sample is positive
🗑
|
||||
| Before notifying the public about a violation you | CONSULT WITH THE TCEQ FIRST
🗑
|
||||
| Acute Violation Notification Procedure (2 things) | 1. Telephone TCEQ immediately; 2. Notify the public within 72 hours
🗑
|
||||
| In the case of an Acute Violation, the public should be notified within this amount of time | 72 hours
🗑
|
||||
| In the case of an Acute Violation, the public should be notified by these two types of media | Radio & TV
🗑
|
||||
| In the case of an Acute Violation, the notification must include the words | "Serious Health Concern"
🗑
|
||||
| Non-Acute Violation Notification Procedure | Notify the public within 14 days
🗑
|
||||
| In the case of a Non-Acute Violation, the public should be notified by these two types of media | Mail or Newspaper
🗑
|
||||
| In the case of a Non-Acute Violation, the notification must include the words | "Possible Health Concern"
🗑
|
||||
| TCEQ Special Precautions are required when the system experiences: (4 items) | low distribution pressure; Water outages; Repeated unacceptable microbiological samples; Failure to maintain adequate chlorine residuals
🗑
|
||||
| Chlorination is the most important process in | the production of potable water
🗑
|
||||
| In Texas all public water systems must have | Chlorination facilities
🗑
|
||||
| Low distribution levels occur when the pressure drops below: | 20 psi
🗑
|
||||
| Disinfectant Residual must be in the water when the water is (where - 2) | in storage; being transported through the system
🗑
|
||||
| To be effective in drinking water chlorine must be | in it at all times
🗑
|
||||
| The common name for Sodium Hypochlorite | Liquid Bleach
🗑
|
||||
| Sodium hypochlorite is produced by | reacting chlorine with SODIUM HYDROXIDE and WATER
🗑
|
||||
| Sodium hypochlorite disinfection is normally used by this type of system | SMALL water systems
🗑
|
||||
| The sodium hypochlorite must be approved by the | NSF
🗑
|
||||
| NSF | National Sanitation Foundation
🗑
|
||||
| Bleach is not | Liquid Chlorine
🗑
|
||||
| Liquid Chlorine is | Pure, liquefied, gas chlorine
🗑
|
||||
| Calcium Hypochlorite is used in these forms | granular and power
🗑
|
||||
| Calcium Hypochlorite is produced by | reacting chlorine with LIME
🗑
|
||||
| Calcium Hypochlorite is normally used by this size of system | SMALL water systems
🗑
|
||||
| Calcium Hypochlorite must be approved by this organization | NSF
🗑
|
||||
| Calcium Hypochlorite is a | powerful Oxidizer
🗑
|
||||
| Calcium Hypochlorite will explode if any of these 3 things happens | it contacts oil; contacts organic material; gets too hot
🗑
|
||||
| Calcium Hypochlorite must be stored in this type of place(environment) | a cool place
🗑
|
||||
| Pure Chlorine at room-temperature looks like | Greenish-Yellow gas
🗑
|
||||
| Pure Chlorine at room-temperature has this odor | pungent odor
🗑
|
||||
| Pure Chlorine at room-temperature weighs | 2 and 1/2 (2.5) times more than air
🗑
|
||||
| Pure Chlorine at room-temperature is __________ to living things | TOXIC
🗑
|
||||
| Pure Chlorine when wet is (3 things) | Corrosive; a strong oxidizer; does not burn
🗑
|
||||
| Pure Chlorine in liquid form looks like | Reddish-yellow (amber) color
🗑
|
||||
| The chemical symbol for Chlorine is | CL2 (the 2 is a subscript)
🗑
|
||||
| Name 3 Common Chlorine shipping containers | 150lb Cylinders; Ton containers; 90-ton Railroad cars
🗑
|
||||
| Chlorine withdrawal Maximums for 150lb Cylinders using vacuum transmission | 1 lb/day per degree F
🗑
|
||||
| Chlorine withdrawal Maximums for 150lb Cylinders using pressure transmission | 42lbs/day (based on air temp of 70)
🗑
|
||||
| Chlorine withdrawal Maximums for Ton Containers using vacuum transmission | 8lbs/day per degree F
🗑
|
||||
| Chlorine withdrawal Maximums for Ton Containers using pressure transmission | 336 lbs/day (based on air temp of 70)
🗑
|
||||
| Required Capacity for Disinfection of Potable (drinkable) water | 50% greater than the highest expected dosage
🗑
|
||||
| Hypochlorinators are typically used in this size of plant or water system | small plants (water systems)
🗑
|
||||
| Name 3 types of equipment used by Hypochlorinators | Mixing tank; Water; Chemical pump
🗑
|
||||
| Two chemicals that are used by Hypochlorinators | Sodium hypochlorite OR Calcium hypochlorite
🗑
|
||||
| This type of Chlorination is typically used in large plants (water systems) | Gas Chlorination
🗑
|
||||
| Where should the cylinder apparatus on a gas cylinder be? | the top of the tank
🗑
|
||||
| Gas should be withdrawn from a cylinder from this location | from the top of the cylinder
🗑
|
||||
| A Cylinder apparatus inlet valve allows | gas to enter the apparatus
🗑
|
||||
| A rotameter does this | measures the gas moving through the cylinder apparatus
🗑
|
||||
| A rotameter measures gas in | lbs/day or grams/hour
🗑
|
||||
| A cylinder ejector allows this | allows chlorine to pass into the water supply
🗑
|
||||
| Dosage | The amount of chemical applied in mg/l or ppm
🗑
|
||||
| Dosage unit of measure | mg/L or ppm
🗑
|
||||
| PPM | Parts per million
🗑
|
||||
| Demand | The amount of chemical used up by reducing agents
🗑
|
||||
| Residual | The amount of chemical remaining after reacting with demand
🗑
|
||||
| Dosage = | Dosage = Demand + Residual
🗑
|
||||
| Free Chlorine | Chemically uncombined
🗑
|
||||
| Combined Residual | Chloramine
🗑
|
||||
| Chloramine | Chlorine combined with Ammonia
🗑
|
||||
| Total Residual Calculation | Total Residual = Free Chlorine Residual + Chloramine (combined chlorine) residual
🗑
|
||||
| Minimum Free Chlorine Residual | 0.2 ml/L
🗑
|
||||
| Minimum Chloramine Residual | 0.5 mg/L
🗑
|
||||
| Chloramine is measured as | Total Residual
🗑
|
||||
| Chloramine can cause this | taste and odor
🗑
|
||||
| Which is stronger: Chloramine or Free Chlorine | Chloramine
🗑
|
||||
| Which is more reactive: Chloramine or Free Chlorine | Free Chlorine
🗑
|
||||
| Which last longer: Free Chlorine or Chloramine? | Chloramine
🗑
|
||||
| To much Chlorine residual results in the production of these 2 cancer causing chemicals | Trihalomethanes or Haloacetic Acids
🗑
|
||||
| Maximum Free Chlorine Residual | 4 mg/L
🗑
|
||||
| Maximum Chloramine Residual | 4 mg/L
🗑
|
||||
| This chemical is added to water when testing Chlorine Residuals | DPD
🗑
|
||||
| DPD unit of measure | mg/L
🗑
|
||||
| What happens when you add DPD to water | It reacts with Chlorine and turns the water pink
🗑
|
||||
| Chlorine Residuals are measured using this type of equipment (3) | Colorimeter; Bench top Spectrophotometer; Titration (multiple types)
🗑
|
||||
| Chlorine and Water makes these two acids | Hydrochloric (HCL) Acid; Hyperchlorous(HOCL) Acid
🗑
|
||||
| HCL | Hydrochloric (HCL) Acid
🗑
|
||||
| HOCL | Hyperchlorous(HOCL) Acid
🗑
|
||||
| Hydrochloric (HCL) Acid AND Hyperchlorous(HOCL) Acid ARE | DISINFECTANTS
🗑
|
||||
| another name for REDUCING AGENTS | Demand
🗑
|
||||
| Reducing Agent | Matter that reacts with chlorine
🗑
|
||||
| What kind of matter is a reducing agent? | organic or inorganic (all types)
🗑
|
||||
| The result of Reducing Agent reactions is | matter is destroyed/deactivated the disinfection power is reduced or destroyed
🗑
|
||||
| Chlorine is highly irritating to what parts of the body | the nose and throat
🗑
|
||||
| Exposure to Chlorine causes severe | coughing and Tissue damage
🗑
|
||||
| Heavy Exposure to Chlorine can be | Fatal
🗑
|
||||
| Common Types of Reducing Agents | Ammonia; Iron; Manganese; Hydrogen Sulfide; Bacteria; Organic Compounds
🗑
|
||||
| SCBA | Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
🗑
|
||||
| In order to be useful, a Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) must be 3 things. List them | readily available; Stored away from the Chlorinator room; inspected regularly
🗑
|
||||
| Disinfection Equipment Capacity must be how much? | must be 50% greater than the highest expected demand dosage at any time
🗑
|
||||
| Chlorinator Rooms -- Housing must be | above ground
🗑
|
||||
| Chlorinator equipment and Chlorine Containers must be stored | in separate areas
🗑
|
||||
| Chlorinator Rooms must have this kind of vents | High level and Low level screened vents
🗑
|
||||
| Chlorinator Rooms with more than 1 open 150lb cylinder must have | Forced air ventilation
🗑
|
||||
| Name two parts of forced air ventilation equipment | vents; fan
🗑
|
||||
| A Chlorinator room's fan switch must be located | outside the room
🗑
|
||||
| Chlorine storage temperature | between 50 and 140 degrees
🗑
|
||||
| Cylinder pressure Relief Plugs melt at | 160 degrees
🗑
|
||||
| EPA Chemical Risk Management Requirements apply to what entities | Any Private, municipal or industrial entity with 2500lbs or more of Chlorine
🗑
|
||||
| TCEQ Chemical Risk Management Requirements apply to this type of container | a 1 Ton Container (or more)of Chlorine or Ammonia is within a 1/4 mile of a residential or higher development
🗑
|
||||
| If EPA Chemical Risk Management Requirements apply you must | have a Chemical Risk Management Program
🗑
|
||||
| You must have this when TCEQ Chemical Risk Management Requirements apply to you | Evacuation Procedures Established
🗑
|
||||
| To detect a Chlorine leak | Hold an open bottle of 10% Ammonium Hydroxide (ammonia and water) under the suspect point (where you think the leak is)
🗑
|
||||
| If the appropriate solution is held under a chlorine leak this happens | ammonium chloride will appear as white smoke
🗑
|
||||
| Before entering a room that contains Chlorine Gas 5 the employee should...(there are 5) | 1. Be trained and prepared; 2. Wear a fresh air supply; 3. have standby help; 4. Have repair Equipment; 5. Wear a safety harness and life line
🗑
|
||||
| The best source of help for a Chlorine Leak | the Supplier
🗑
|
||||
| If you encounter chlorine do these 4 things | 1. keep your mouth closed; 2. avoid deep breathing; 3. keep your head high; 4. quickly leave the area
🗑
|
||||
| Name 3 Alternative Disinfectants | Chlorine Dioxide; Ultraviolet Light; Ozone
🗑
|
||||
| Aeration | Bringing Water into contact with air
🗑
|
||||
| Alum | a coagulant used in water treatment
🗑
|
||||
| Maximum Chlorine level when water is going from the water system to a ground source | .11 mg/l
🗑
|
||||
| Storage Facilities equalize _______________ on the water supply | Demand
🗑
|
||||
| Storage fills when demand is | low
🗑
|
||||
| Storage begins to empty during ____________ demand | peak
🗑
|
||||
| Storage provides for these three things | Uniform pumping rates (control pressure on flow surges); supplies water for fire fighting (adequate pressure); provides time for disinfection (effective chlorination)
🗑
|
||||
| Ground storage is generally constructed of | reinforced concrete or steel
🗑
|
||||
| Storage's place in the treatment and distribution process is | before distribution and after production
🗑
|
||||
| Clear Well | Ground storage at a surface water treatment plant receiving the treated water
🗑
|
||||
| TCEQ requires all storage tanks to have | Screened Vents; Locked Hatches; A dust proof cover; Overflows with hinged flaps and entry ports
🗑
|
||||
| Screened vents are made of | corrosion resistant material
🗑
|
||||
| The size of mesh on storage tank screened vents | 16 or finer
🗑
|
||||
| the Gap on Storage Tank Overflow covers cannot be more than | 1/16"
🗑
|
||||
| The rim of the Storage Tank Entry port must extend at least | 4" above the tank
🗑
|
||||
| the rim of the storage tank entry port must have a lid with this to prevent rain from entering | 2" overlap
🗑
|
||||
| Required storage capacity when the only type of storage is ground storage | 200 gallons per connection
🗑
|
||||
| Required storage capacity when storage types include more than ground storage | 200 gallons per connection
🗑
|
||||
| If a storage tank does not have a 30" diameter access opening, it must have | primary roof access of at lease 30" diameter
🗑
|
||||
| If a storage tank does not have a 30" diameter access opening, you must provide one at this time | next major maintenance
🗑
|
||||
| A storage tanks access opening should measure | 30" diameter
🗑
|
||||
| Ground Storage must be maintained according to | AWWA Standards
🗑
|
||||
| Ground Storage: No lead is allowed in the | paint, coatings, wax
🗑
|
||||
| True or False, Ground Storage must be painted | true
🗑
|
||||
| True or False, Ground storage must be disinfected | true
🗑
|
||||
| Coatings that contact potable water must be approved by 1 of these | EPA
NSF
FDA
🗑
|
||||
| FDA | U.S. Food and Drug Administration
🗑
|
||||
| TCEQ definition of Elevated Storage | Water stored at least 80 feet above the highest service connection that provides the state minimum normal operating pressure of 35 psi
🗑
|
||||
| psi | Pounds per Square Inch
🗑
|
||||
| The states minimum normal operating pressure | 35 psi
🗑
|
||||
| Elevated storage is usually made of | steel
🗑
|
||||
| Elevated storage is supported above ground on/by a | tower
🗑
|
||||
| The taller the water column is the more of this | weight and thus pressure
🗑
|
||||
| Each foot of heighth on elevated storage produces this psi | .433
🗑
|
||||
| Elevated storage is required for systems with | more than 2500 service connections
🗑
|
||||
| When elevated storage is required it must have this minimum capacity | 100 gallons per connection
🗑
|
||||
| Elevated storage must meet the same general requirements as | ground storage
🗑
|
||||
| Definition of Standpipe Storage | A tank resting on the ground with a height greater than its diameter and a total height that is higher than 80 feet above the highest service connection
🗑
|
||||
| Storage that is less than 80 feet above the highest service connection | Ground Storage
🗑
|
||||
| Means of Protecting Storage Tanks from corrosion | Coatings; Cathodic protection; water conditioning; Galvanizing(but not for elevated tanks)
🗑
|
||||
| Galvanizing process | DC current travels through strips of aluminum or other metal suspended in the tank, then through the water. This electroplates the walls above the waterline
🗑
|
||||
| In a Galvanized storage tank walls that are above the waterline is or is not protected from corrosion | is not
🗑
|
||||
| Ownership Signs must be at | each production, storage and treatment site
🗑
|
||||
| Ownership signs must include | the utility name and an emergency phone number
🗑
|
||||
| Grounds and Landscaping must have | a program to facilitate cleanliness and to improve the appearance of plant sites
🗑
|
||||
| Grounds should be sloped | away from the tower or tank
🗑
|
||||
| The chain link fence around a site must be | flush to the ground (no gap between it and the ground)
🗑
|
||||
| If a tank is wholly or partially underground it cannot be near potential contaminants, including: | sewer lines, septic tank drain fields, animal lots areas that flood
🗑
|
||||
| These must be prevented from entering storage tanks | sunlight, dust, birds, insects, rain
🗑
|
||||
| After construction or maintenance tanks must be: | disinfected
🗑
|
||||
| This must be done after a storage tank is filled (after construction or maintenance) | a bacteriological sample is taken (sample for coliform)
🗑
|
||||
| The results of a bacteriological sample from a newly filled tank is in if it is positive what is done | more samples are taken until 2 consecutive samples are negative; if this cannot be done the disinfection must be repeated
🗑
|
||||
| The results of a bacteriological sample from a newly filled tank is in if it is negative what is done | the tank is put into service
🗑
|
||||
| Distribution systems are composed of | water mains; service lines; meters; valves; hydrants; pressure booster stations
🗑
|
||||
| Distribution systems must meet standards for | water quality; quantity of water; pressure; fire protection
🗑
|
||||
| Critical safeguards for distribution systems | chlorine residual; adequate pressure; bacteriological sampling; cross connection control
🗑
|
||||
| Pressure requirements are important because | adequate pressure prevents contaminated water from being drawn into the system
🗑
|
||||
| TCEQ pressure minimums for Distribution Systems | 20 psi even in emergencies; 35 psi during normal operations
🗑
|
||||
| psi | Pounds per Square Inch
🗑
|
||||
| Distribution system components must meet these specifications | AWWA
🗑
|
||||
| Distribution system components should not affect | the taste, odor or quality of water
🗑
|
||||
| Pipe Material may be made of | Ductile iron; cast iron; steel; (AC)asbestos-cement; Concrete; PVC; copper
🗑
|
||||
| Asbestos-cement pipes in Texas | not allowed for new construction in potable water systems
🗑
|
||||
| PVC | polyvinyl chloride
🗑
|
||||
| PVC must be approve by and have | approved by the NSF and have an ASTM pressure rating of at least 150 psi or a standard dimension ratio of 26
🗑
|
||||
| ASTM | American Society for Testing and Material
🗑
|
||||
| Rules for reusing pipe | No pipe used for any purpose other than drinking water may be used in a potable supply
🗑
|
||||
| Pipe selection is based on | strength, carrying capacity, durability, ease of installation, availability, soil conditions, cost
🗑
|
||||
| Lead limit on pipe and fittings | 8%
🗑
|
||||
| Lead limit on solders and flux | 0.2%
🗑
|
||||
| Types of pipe joints may be | flanged, mechanical,push-on, welded, threaded, gasket material
🗑
|
||||
| Gasket material should be treated to | prevent bacterial growth
🗑
|
||||
| The most common type of isolating valve | gate valve
🗑
|
||||
| this type of valve is used to turn off sections of a system / main | Gate
🗑
|
||||
| Types of controlling valves | globe, diaphragm, rotary
🗑
|
||||
| controlling valves regulate | pressure, flow rate, direction
🗑
|
||||
| important uses for fire hydrants | fire fighting, flushing, bleeding air from mains
🗑
|
||||
| Problems that are commonly solved by flushing | taste, odor, red water, dirty water
🗑
|
||||
| water meters measure... | water flow into and out of treatment plants, into the distribution system; to customers
🗑
|
||||
| types of water meters | propeller; compound; magnetic; positive displacement meter;
🗑
|
||||
| Most common meter for residential use | positive displacement meter
🗑
|
||||
| This type of meter is very accurate at low flow | positive displacement meter
🗑
|
||||
| a positive displacement meter cannot over-register due to | external influence or internal wear
🗑
|
||||
| How a positive displacement meter works | Water flows through the meter chamber which cases a disk inside to wobble. The wobbling disk causes a spindle and magnet to rotate. The rotation of the magnet is transmitted through the wall of the meter to a second meter. That operates the register.
🗑
|
||||
| Mains must be this many feet away from sewers and manholes | 9
🗑
|
||||
| Distances from mains are measured from | the outside of the pipe
🗑
|
||||
| parallel lines of water ansd sewer must be | laid in separate ditches
🗑
|
||||
| Coupon | the piece of pipe material cut from a main when a tap is made.
🗑
|
||||
| Trenches for a 6-inch or larger pipe must be | at least 18 inches wide; 12 inches wider than the pipe diameter
🗑
|
||||
| The depth that a main is buried depends on | frost lines; surface load; obstructions
🗑
|
||||
| In texas the rule for main depth is | 30 to 60 inches below the ground; the top of the pipe must have at least 24 inches of cover
🗑
|
||||
| Corporation stop | the valve that connects the service line to the main. It is buried when the hole is backfilled.
🗑
|
||||
| A corporation stop operation | it cannot be operated from the ground's surface, because it is buried under ground
🗑
|
||||
| Curb Stop or Meter Stop | the valve that connects the service line to the meter
🗑
|
||||
| operation of a curb stop or meter stop valve | can be operated from the meter box
🗑
|
||||
| Cave-ins are likely when | the soil is wet; spoil banks are too close to the trench; traffic or machinery vibrations loosen the soil
🗑
|
||||
| shoring | using timber, plywood or commercial devices to support an excavation
🗑
|
||||
| inspect shoring when | daily
🗑
|
||||
| If subsidence or soil cracks occur in your shoring you need to | stop work; correct the problem
🗑
|
||||
| Maximum Allowable Slope | The degree of slope that overcomes collapsing pressure
🗑
|
||||
| The Maximum Allowable slope is determined by | soil conditions
🗑
|
||||
| shoring is not necessary if the walls are | sloped to the maximum allowable slope
🗑
|
||||
| angle of repose | another name for maximum allowable slope
🗑
|
||||
| Spoil banks must be this far from an excavation | at least 2 feet
🗑
|
||||
| These may be used instead of shoring or sloping | trench boxes
🗑
|
||||
| When using trench boxes workers must | stay inside of the box
🗑
|
||||
| Pipe must be bedded with | a minimum of 4 inches or 1/4 the pipe diameter of tamped sand or gravel
🗑
|
||||
| This is required whenever a water line changes direction | pipe bracing
🗑
|
||||
| Bends in lines must be braced or blocked against | internal thrust
🗑
|
||||
| How much thrust is there against a closed 6 inch valve at 60 psi | almost 1700 lbs (pounds)
🗑
|
||||
| As a pipe goes into the trench you need to swab it with | a hypochlorite solution
🗑
|
||||
| Never leave laid pipe with an | open end.
🗑
|
||||
| Close laid pipe with | a watertight plug
🗑
|
||||
| Items that must be disinfected before returning them to service | mains; service lines; meters; valves
🗑
|
||||
| Dosage for new mains | 50mg/L or more of chlorine for at least 24 hours
🗑
|
||||
| Dosage required to return a line to service, quickly. | 500mg/L for 30 minutes
🗑
|
||||
| To disinfect after making a water tap | add 1 teaspoon(t)of Sodium Hypochlorite at the TAP end and at the METER at the end marked "IN"
🗑
|
||||
| After disinfecting a line and before putting it into service you must | flush the line
🗑
|
||||
| Prior to putting line into service you must have | negative bacteriological samples; 1 for each 1000 feet of main
🗑
|
||||
| How often do dead end mains need to be flushed? | once a month
🗑
|
||||
| Flushing of dead end mains reduces | slime and scale build up; red water complaints
🗑
|
||||
| Flushing of dead end mains brings in | fresh chlorinated water
🗑
|
||||
| Flushing of dead end mains removes | chlorine-reducing materials
🗑
|
||||
| Pressure surges are caused by | rapid flow changes
🗑
|
||||
| Pressure surges can result in | severely damaged mains
🗑
|
||||
| Pressure surges can be caused by | closing a hydrant valve too fast
🗑
|
||||
| closing a hydrant valve (or any valve for that matter) causes a | water hammer
🗑
|
||||
| tuberculation | a buildup of oxidized iron, calcium carbonate or other chemicals in mains
🗑
|
||||
| scale | a build up of minerals on a surface; caused when water repeated comes in contact with the surface
🗑
|
||||
| Tuberculation cleaning methods | high-pressure water; pigs or swabs; chemicals
🗑
|
||||
| Corrosion | the dissolving of metal
🗑
|
||||
| Corrosion damages | pipes and water tanks
🗑
|
||||
| Corrosion effects on water quality | rust color; taste problems
🗑
|
||||
| Corrosion may cause water to contain | harmful amounts of lead, copper or other metals
🗑
|
||||
| Factors that make water more corrosive | low Ph; dissolved oxygen; dissolved salts; free chlorine; low hardness; high velocity; high temperature; low alkalinity; sulfate reducing bacteria
🗑
|
||||
| If the water is red but not corrosive the cause may be | iron bacteria
🗑
|
||||
| methods of controlling corrosion | pipe with protective linings or coatings in the inside; install anodes in storage tanks; eliminate different metals that cause galvanic corrosion; treat the water with chemicals
🗑
|
||||
| Galvanic corrosion occurs when | different metals such as copper and steel are connected
🗑
|
||||
| Galvanic corrosion can be prevented by | separating different types of metal with an dielectric (non-conducting)material
🗑
|
||||
| dielectric | does not conduct electricity; does not allow electricity to flow
🗑
|
||||
| When repairing a main, crews should be supplied with | tools; repair materials; maps of the distribution system; pipe location equipment; safety equipment; traffic control devices; first aid supplies
🗑
|
||||
| Equipment that should be stored at the Service Center | backhoes; pumps; air compressors
🗑
|
||||
| excavation practices for a leak | excavate below the pipe on both sides; dig one side deeper than the other; keep ditch water out of the line
🗑
|
||||
| Hot Repair | doing a repair without turning off the water/valves
🗑
|
||||
| Hot repairs are preferable because | it keeps the leak under pressure
🗑
|
||||
| Advantages of keeping a leak under pressure | no service interruption; reduced risk of contamination; reduces air in the main; ensures the repair holds under service
🗑
|
||||
| after completing the repair the clean-up process is important to | public relations
🗑
|
||||
| When cleaning up after an installation or repair you need to | REPLACE (paving, sidewalks & driveways); RESTORE (lawns, trees, shrubs); NEVER (promise residents what is not utility policy)
🗑
|
||||
| Cross Connection | A physical connection between a public water system and an unknown or questionable supply, a source that may contain contamination, water treated to a lesser degree.
🗑
|
||||
| Typical cross connections include | bottom connections to stock tanks; lawn-sprinkling systems; faulty pump installations; piping from a private well connected to a house with city water; pump priming
🗑
|
||||
| Valves or check valves are not safe between | potable and unknown water supplies
🗑
|
||||
| the preferred method of preventing a cross connection | air gap
🗑
|
||||
| the only method approved by the TCEQ for protection against cross connections with sewage | air gap
🗑
|
||||
| When does TCEQ allow backflow prevention devices | in certain situations; if properly located, maintained, & inspected
🗑
|
||||
| Organization that covers backflow device standards | AWWA
🗑
|
||||
| AWWA backflow prevention device standards cover devices such as | atmospheric vacuum breaker; double check valve assemblies; reduced pressure devices
🗑
|
||||
| Do these things when storms are expected | Alert personnel; check communications; fill gasoline tanks; check emergency equipment; fill storage tanks; isolate elevated storage; restock repair clams; restock calcium hypochlorite; review emergency procedures
🗑
|
||||
| The most common pump in the Water utility field | centrifugal pump
🗑
|
||||
| Volute | the casing that encloses the impeller on a centrifugal pump
🗑
|
||||
| Water is supplied to a centrifugal pump by | atmospheric pressure (suction lift) or Weight of the water (suction head)
🗑
|
||||
| type of pump used in water wells | Deep-well Turbine centrifugal pump
🗑
|
||||
| Pumps are lubricated with | water or oil
🗑
|
||||
| Before starting a water lubricated pump make sure | the water line is on
🗑
|
||||
| factors that impact centrifugal pump selection | amount of water to be pumped; Force (head) that the pump works against; type of material to be pumped; cost; availability; pump efficiency
🗑
|
||||
| Normal Pumping rate unit of measure | gallons per minute
🗑
|
||||
| Pumping rate unit of measure in very large pumps | million gallons per day
🗑
|
||||
| head | the force the pump works against
🗑
|
||||
| head units of measure | feet or psi
🗑
|
||||
| psi | pounds per square inch
🗑
|
||||
| static head | when there is no water flow or no pumping (the water is not moving through the pump)
🗑
|
||||
| Dynamic head | when there is water flow or pumping (the water is moving through the pump)
🗑
|
||||
| Suction Lift | The vertical distance that water is raised from a supply to the pump's centerline
🗑
|
||||
| Suction Head | The vertical distance that the water supply is above the pump's centerline
🗑
|
||||
| Discharge Head | The vertical distance between the water supply and the free discharge
🗑
|
||||
| Friction Head | The force needed to overcome resistance in pipe and fittings
🗑
|
||||
| Total Dynamic Head (equation) | Total Dynamic Head = Total Static Head - Friction Head
🗑
|
||||
| To maintain pump efficiency you should | check the pumps efficiency periodically by measuring the pumps performance against the manufacturer's specifications
🗑
|
||||
| As Head increases Pump capacity and efficiency | decreases
🗑
|
||||
| Pump efficiency is affected by: | high suction lift; worn impellers; clogged impellers; high discharge head
🗑
|
||||
| An attractive work environment results in | good employee morale
🗑
|
||||
| Pump rooms should be kept | clean
🗑
|
||||
| Pump room walls, floors and equipment should be | painted
🗑
|
||||
| When a pump is installed Gate Valves must be installed | on the pump's discharge and if there is a positive suction head on the pump suction
🗑
|
||||
| When a pump is installed A check valve is installed | in the discharge line
🗑
|
||||
| Purpose of a check valve | to prevent water from flowing backwards
🗑
|
||||
| When a pump is installed this type of valve is installed at its discharge and sometimes at its suction | Gate Valve
🗑
|
||||
| When a pump is installed this type of valve is installed at its discharge | Check Valve
🗑
|
||||
| Common pump problems | misalignment of pump and motor; foreign matter in the impeller; air leaks in the suction; the pump turning backward; water hammer
🗑
|
||||
| A pump turning backward can cause | unscrewing of the drive shaft coupling; damage to the pump or pump motor if the pump suddently starts
🗑
|
||||
| Name 3 things that can prevent a pump from turning backward | foot valve; check valve; ratchet
🗑
|
||||
| Cavitation occurs where in a pump | inside the pump volute or casing
🗑
|
||||
| Cavitation in a pump is caused by | insufficient pressure on the suction side of the pump
🗑
|
||||
| Cavitation creates a | vacuum
🗑
|
||||
| Cavitation causes this to form | water vapor bubbles
🗑
|
||||
| During pumping bubbles caused by cavitation do this | collapse and cause a mechanical chock
🗑
|
||||
| A mechanical chock caused by pump cavitation does this | chips metal away from the impeller or casing
🗑
|
||||
| Water Hammer is caused when | pressure surges (closing a hydrant or valve to fast, turning off a pump to fast)
🗑
|
||||
| Pump sanitation protects pumps from | contamination
🗑
|
||||
| Do not lay suction lines in | contaminated areas
🗑
|
||||
| maintain this on a pump whenever possible to prevent a vacuum from occurring | positive suction head
🗑
|
||||
| Most water pumps use this type of power | electric (electric motors)
🗑
|
||||
| The most common type of pump motor | squirrel cage induction
🗑
|
||||
| This type of pump motor is used when 100HP or more is required | Synchronous motor
🗑
|
||||
| This prevents a pump motor from overheating | ventilation
🗑
|
||||
| clean motors prevent | short circuits
🗑
|
||||
| the life/service of a pump can be increased by careful attention to | voltage; connections; bearings; motor ventilation; short cycling; overload prevention
🗑
|
||||
| Motor controls should be kept free of this | dust and corrosion
🗑
|
||||
| This protects operators from shock during pump operations or maintenance | insulating mats
🗑
|
||||
| Chlorine limit for water that is going on a watershed | .11 or less
🗑
|
||||
| Working in the water and wastewater field is | dangerous
🗑
|
||||
| Accidents can be avoided because they are | caused and do not just happen
🗑
|
||||
| 9 out of 10 accidents are caused by | unsafe acts of the person injured or someone else
🗑
|
||||
| employees can avoid accidents with the right | attitude & training
🗑
|
||||
| Water department employees are exposed to these types of safety hazards | chemicals; high voltage; traffic; excavations; deep water; animal bites; confined spaces
🗑
|
||||
| Federal law that regulates workplace safety | OSHA
🗑
|
||||
| OSHA stands for | Occupational Safety and Health Act
🗑
|
||||
| OSHA regulates (makes rules for) | workplace safety
🗑
|
||||
| OSHA is a (federal, state) law? | federal
🗑
|
||||
| OSHA applies to these types of businesses | industrial, manufacturing, private businesses
🗑
|
||||
| Who is not required to follow OSHA regulations? | state entities, municipal entities, public schools, most federal employers
🗑
|
||||
| Entities that are not required to follow OSHA have this | a moral obligation to proved a safe workplace
🗑
|
||||
| Entities that are not required to follow OSHA may use | OSHA as guidelines for their safety program
🗑
|
||||
| The Texas State law that governs employers who are not bound to OSHA | Texas Hazard Communication Act
🗑
|
||||
| another name for the Texas Hazard Communication Act | the Right to Know Law
🗑
|
||||
| The Texas Hazard Communication Act defines the rules for | Texas employers who are not bound to OSHA
🗑
|
||||
| Examples of entities that are ruled by the Texas Hazard Communication Act | State, county, municipal
🗑
|
||||
| The Texas Hazard Communications Act requires employers to provide information about | Hazardous chemicals that are in the workplace
🗑
|
||||
| The key requirement of the Texas Hazard Communications Act | Employees must have access to MSDSs
🗑
|
||||
| MSDS | Material Safety Data Sheet
🗑
|
||||
| MSDSs contain | hazardous product information
🗑
|
||||
| MSDSs are supplied by | the manufacturer
🗑
|
||||
| MSDSs state/describe | product hazards; precautions
🗑
|
||||
| Who needs to be involved in safety programs | Everyone
🗑
|
||||
| Safety programs must start with | the top official
🗑
|
||||
| Safety programs must extend to | all employees
🗑
|
||||
| If everyone does not participate in a safety program, the program will | fail
🗑
|
||||
| Elements of a safety program | written policy; supportive administration; trained employees; safety inspections; accident review; record keeping
🗑
|
||||
| Where to get information about setting up a safety program | Texas Department of Health; Texas Municipal League; Libraries
🗑
|
||||
| Hazards that are especially dangerous to water utility operators | confined space entry; excavation and trenching; chemical handling; traffic
🗑
|
||||
| Definition of Confined Space Entry | A space that is large enough and so configured (designed) that an employee may enter and do work; it has limited or restricted means of entry or exit; it is not designed for continuous occupancy
🗑
|
||||
| Categories of Confined space hazards | Hazardous Atmospheres (bad air); engulfment; chemical; mechanical; electrical; biological; radiological
🗑
|
||||
| The number 1 cause of death in a confined space is | lack of oxygen
🗑
|
||||
| Combustible (explosive) gases | methane, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, oxygen
🗑
|
||||
| Gases that are toxic (poisonous) long before being combustible | hydrogen sulfide; carbon monoxide
🗑
|
||||
| Toxic gases are monitored with a | toxic sensor
🗑
|
||||
| When identifying gases do not rely on | sense of smell; sense of sight; cockroaches
🗑
|
||||
| When identifying gases use a | direct reading instrument
🗑
|
||||
| When identifying gases check 1st for | Oxygen content
🗑
|
||||
| When identifying gases check 2nd for | Combustibles
🗑
|
||||
| When identifying gases check 3rd for | toxins
🗑
|
||||
| optimum oxygen range | 19.57 to 21.5
🗑
|
||||
| Employers are responsible for evaluating confined spaces. They must... | identify confined spaces then determine their hazards
🗑
|
||||
| After evaluation, confined spaces are designated as | a permit required space or a non-permit required space
🗑
|
||||
| When entering a permit required space personnel must | wear a harness and be attached to a retrieval line
🗑
|
||||
| if a potable ladder or stars are not used in an elevated space you must use an | anti-fall line
🗑
|
||||
| when a vertical entry of 5 feet or more is made the retrieval line must be | attached to a mechanical retrieval device
🗑
|
||||
| A mechanical retrieval device must be attached to the retrieval line when entering | a vertical entry of 5 feet or more
🗑
|
||||
| mechanical retrieval devices allow for | non-entry rescue
🗑
|
||||
| Confined space rescuers must be | trained in confined space rescue; available before an entry occurs; able to respond in an appropriate amount of time
🗑
|
||||
| Confined space rescuers do no have to be | on-site
🗑
|
||||
| For years, TX has more deaths due to this than any other state | cave-ins
🗑
|
||||
| OSHA requires cave-in protection for excavation of this depth | 5 feet or more
🗑
|
||||
| Cave-in protection can be | shoring; shielding; sloping
🗑
|
||||
| When cave-ins occur they start from the | bottom of the hole
🗑
|
||||
| Shoring | uses timbers or hydraulic wedges and sheeting to prevent cave-ins
🗑
|
||||
| When shields or trench boxes are use workers must stay | within the shield or box
🗑
|
||||
| Shields and trench boxes do not | prevent a cave-in
🗑
|
||||
| Benching | A type of sloping done by cutting stair steps in the trench wall while maintaining the Maximum allowable slope
🗑
|
||||
| Sloping | Cuts trench walls to the angle that overcomes collapsing pressure
🗑
|
||||
| Another word for Maximum allowable slope | angle of repose
🗑
|
||||
| The maximum allowable slope is determined by | soil type
🗑
|
||||
| OSHA's maximum allowable slope for Type C soil | 34 degrees or 1 1/2 : 1 horizontal run to vertical rise
🗑
|
||||
| OSHA's maximum allowable slope for Type B soil | 45 degrees or 1:1 horizontal run to vertical rise
🗑
|
||||
| OSHA's maximum allowable slope for Type A soil | 34 degrees or 3/4:1 horizontal run to vertical rise
🗑
|
||||
| OSHA's maximum allowable slope for Stable Rock | 90 degrees or 0 horizontal run to vertical rise
🗑
|
||||
| Trench exits are required for a depth of | 4 feet or more
🗑
|
||||
| Trench exits can be | ramps or ladders
🗑
|
||||
| ladders used as a trench exit must | extend at least 3 feet above the top of the excavation; be secured; be within 25 feet laterally (side to side) of anyone in the excavation
🗑
|
||||
| Components of the Texas Hazard Communication Act | Written Program; Posted "Notice to Employees"; Personal Protection Equipment; Hazardous material training; MSDSs; Employee rights protection; State notification of chemical injuries
🗑
|
||||
| The official name of the Right to Know law | Texas Hazard Communication Act
🗑
|
||||
| Most work area accidents on streets and highways are caused by | improper warning signs or barricades
🗑
|
||||
| Traffic control must not do this to motorists | confuse them
🗑
|
||||
| Workers should be trained in traffic control from the | Texas Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
🗑
|
||||
| The Texas Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices is from the | Texas Department of Transportation in Austin
🗑
|
||||
| 1 gallon = ? lbs (pounds) | 8.34 pounds
🗑
|
||||
| 1 cubic foot = ? gallons | 7.48 gallons
🗑
|
||||
| 1 psi = ? feet of water column | 2.31 feet
🗑
|
||||
| 1 foot of water column = ? psi | .433 psi
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|
||||
| 1 mile = ? feet | 5280
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|
||||
| 1 day (24 hours) = ? minutes | 1440
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|
||||
| mgd | million gallons per day
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|
||||
| gpd | gallons per day
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|
||||
| gpm | gallons per minute
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|
||||
| How much does a gallon of water weigh? | 8.34 pounds
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|
||||
| How many feet are in a cubic foot? | 27
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|
||||
| How many gallons are in a cubic foot? | 7.48
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|
||||
| How many feet are in a mile? | 5280
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|
||||
| How many feet of water column produce 1 psi? | 2.31
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|
||||
| How many minutes are in a day? | 1440
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|
||||
| What is the psi for 1 foot of water column? | .433
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|
||||
| What is the formula for the area of a rectangle? | length * width
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|
||||
| Define "Circumference" | distance around a circle
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|
||||
| Define "Diameter" | the distance through the center of a circle
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|
||||
| Define "Radius" | have the diameter of a circle
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|
||||
| Area is usually expressed in | inches, feet, yards, or miles
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|
||||
| formula for the area of a circle | "pi"R"squared" or 3.14*radius*radius
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|
||||
| formula for the volume of a rectangular box or cube | = length * width * depth
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|
||||
| the result of a volume calculation is expressed in | cubic units
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|
||||
| Formula for the volume of a cylinder | the area of the circle * the depth/height/length of the cylinder
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|
||||
| The volume of an object in gallons | = volume in cubic feet * 7.48
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|
||||
| The quick way to convert from gpd to mgd | move the decimal to the left 6 spaces
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|
||||
| the quick way to convert from mgd to gpd | move the decimal to the right 6 spaces
🗑
|
||||
| how do you convert from gpm to mgd | convert gpm to gpd then convert gpd to mgd
🗑
|
||||
| how do you convert from mgd to gpm | convert mgd to gpd then convert gpd to gpm1440;
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|
||||
| how do you convert from gpm to gpd | divide the gpm by 1440; gpm/1440
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|
||||
| How do you convert form gpd to gpm | multiply the gpd by 1440/gpd*1440
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|
||||
| volume is expressed AS | cubic units
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|
||||
| area is expressed AS | squared units
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|
||||
| A "community" water system is described as? | A public water system that has a potential to serve at least 15 service connections on a year round basis or serves at least 25 individuals on a year round basis.
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|
||||
| A non-transient non-community water system (NTNCWS) is? | A public system that regularly serves at least 25 of the same persons more than 6 months of the year.
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|
||||
| NTNCWS | Non-transient Non-community Water System
🗑
|
||||
| The hydrologic cycle is? | The movement of water between the earth and atmosphere
🗑
|
||||
| A pH of 6.5 is | slightly acidic
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|
||||
| A pH of 7.8 is | slightly Basic
🗑
|
||||
| What protects a will from collapses and surface contamination? | Casing and Cementing
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|
||||
| water softening removes | calcium and magnesium
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|
||||
| We soften water by | adding lime or by exchanging ions (an atom or group of atoms)
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|
||||
| Water treatment processes may include: | aeration, screening, chemical oxidation, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection
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|
||||
| How are suspended particles removed from the water during treatment? | Chemicals are mixed with the water in a rapid mix zone. The chemicals cause particles in the water to clot together or coagulate to form floc.
🗑
|
||||
| This disinfectant is weaker than free chlorine, but less reactive and longer lasting | Chloramine
🗑
|
||||
| chlorine leaks should be repaired in this amount of time | as soon as possible
🗑
|
||||
| the chlorine institute's recommendation when using ammonia to locate chlorine leaks | do no use household ammonia
🗑
|
||||
| Valves or check valves (are or are not) safe between a potable and unknown water supply | are not
🗑
|
||||
| The preferred method of preventing cross connections is | an air gap
🗑
|
||||
| The only method approved by the TCEQ for protection against a sewage cross connection is the: | Air Gap
🗑
|
||||
| To obtain a license, an individual must the requirements of the TCEQ... | Administration of Occupational Licenses and Registrations.
🗑
|
||||
| A Class D Water Operator License is valid for how long? | 2 years
🗑
|
||||
| A Class C Water Operator License is valid for how long? | 3 years
🗑
|
||||
| The most important responsibility of Water Utility personnel is to | Provide water that is safe for all purposes
🗑
|
||||
| A Class D water operator license/certificate is only valid for this type of system. | Ground water systems with less than 250 connections
🗑
|
||||
| This type of meter is normally used for low flows | Positive Displacement Meter
🗑
|
||||
| Pumping rates are usually expressed as: | GPM (gallons per minute)
🗑
|
||||
| Potable water is free of | disease causing organisms
🗑
|
||||
| When an MCL is exceeded what is required by the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act? | public notification
🗑
|
||||
| When an MCL is exceeded public notification is required by | the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act
🗑
|
||||
| public notification is required by the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act when | an MCL is exceeded
🗑
|
||||
| Flocculation helps to | remove impurities in the water
🗑
|
||||
| The Safe Drinking Water Act does this | Sets MCLs for drinking water
🗑
|
||||
| Groundwater occurs below the earth's surface in water-bearing formations called: | aquifers
🗑
|
||||
| Sewers must be kept at least this far from a well | 50 feet
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|
||||
| Watershed | The area of runoff of a surface water source
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|
||||
| A water system is required to have ground storage if | they have 50 or more connections
🗑
|
||||
| pressure tank storage | hydropneumatic tanks; cylindrical and horizontal to the ground; Air mechanically compressed against the water surface provides pressure
🗑
|
||||
| A water system without ground storage must have a pressure tank capacity of | 50 gallons per connection
🗑
|
||||
| A water system with ground storage is allowed to have | a pressure tank capacity of 20 gallons per connection, or elevated storage.
🗑
|
||||
| The exterior and interior of ground, elevated, standpipe and pressure tanks must be inspected how often? | yearly
🗑
|
||||
| The exterior and interior of ground, elevated, standpipe and pressure tanks must be inspected by who? | water system personnel or a contracted service
🗑
|
||||
| storage tank inspections must be | documented
🗑
|
||||
| storage tank inspection documentation must be kept for how long? | at least 5 years
🗑
|
||||
| The exterior and interior coating of storage tanks must be inspected for | corrosion protection
🗑
|
||||
| The interior of storage tanks must meet these specifications | AWWA
🗑
|
||||
| Adequate water pressure in the system prevents this | contaminated water from being drawn into the system.
🗑
|
||||
| Lead limits for pipe and fittings | not more than 8% lead
🗑
|
||||
| Lead limits for solders and flux | not more than 0.2% lead
🗑
|
||||
| Water mains must be no closer than this, in all directions, from sewers and manholes. | 9 feet
🗑
|
||||
| Distances from water mains are measured from | the outside surface of the pipe
🗑
|
||||
| Parallel water and sewer lines must be laid | in separate ditches
🗑
|
||||
| An important part of public relations is to | provide courteous treatment to customers
🗑
|
||||
| The process of nature recycling water is called | the hydrological cycle
🗑
|
||||
| The Parts of the hydrologic cycle | Transpiration; precipitation; evaporation; infiltration (percolation); condensation
🗑
|
||||
| The presence of these in a system should cause concern | indicator organisms
🗑
|
||||
| Boat Ramps, Marinas, Docks, Fishing Piers must be this distance away from a water plant intake | 1000 feet
🗑
|
||||
| All activities within this distance of a Plant intake are limited | 200 ft.
🗑
|
||||
| Plant intakes must have | Screens & Grates to minimize the amount of debris entering the plant
🗑
|
||||
| fluoridation | The process of adding fluoride to water to help prevent cavities
🗑
|
||||
| Sodium aluminate - purpose | coagulant
🗑
|
||||
| Aluminum sulfate (alum)- purpose | coagulant
🗑
|
||||
| Ferrous sulfate - purpose | coagulant
🗑
|
||||
| Ferric Chloride - purpose | coagulant
🗑
|
||||
| Calcium hydroxide (lime) - purpose | pH adjustment, softening, aid to coagulation
🗑
|
||||
| Sodium carbonate (soda ash) - purpose | softening, removal of heavy metals, aid to coagulation, pH and alkalinity adjustment
🗑
|
||||
| Polyphosphates (calgon)- purpose | Stabilization, prevents red water
🗑
|
||||
| Copper sulfate (blue stone)- purpose | algae control
🗑
|
||||
| Polyelectrolytes - purpose | Aid to coagulation
🗑
|
||||
| Activated carbon - purpose | removal of tastes, odor, organics
🗑
|
||||
| Fluorosilic acid, Sodium silicofluoride, sodium fluoride - purpose | Fluoride addition, prevents tooth decay
🗑
|
||||
| Public water systems are either | "Community" or "Non-community" water systems
🗑
|
||||
| A water line ditch should be this wide | 12 inches wider than the pipe
🗑
|
||||
| When we take a bacteriological sample we are primarily sampling for | coliform
🗑
|
||||
| Name 3 parts of a cylinder apparatus | inlet valve; rotameter; ejector
🗑
|
||||
| square feet is used to describe this type of geometric calculation | area
🗑
|
||||
| feet square is used to describe this geometric function | perimeter
🗑
|
||||
| this type is meter is usually used in low flow situations | positive displacement meter
🗑
|
||||
| pumping rates are usually expressed as | gpm
🗑
|
||||
| Always put on a self-contained breathing apparatus before | entering a room with a known chlorine leak
🗑
|
||||
| Class 100 pipe | pipe that is pressure rated up to 100 psi
🗑
|
||||
| What is done if a sample has coliform in it? | 3 repeat samples are taken
🗑
|
||||
| general formula for Detention Time | = capacity in gallons / flow rate
🗑
|
||||
| Detention Time in Days = | capacity in gallons / flow rate gpd
🗑
|
||||
| Detention time in Hours = | capacity in gallons / flow rate gph
🗑
|
||||
| Detention time in Minutes = | capacity in gallons / flow rate in gpm
🗑
|
||||
| lbs hypochlorite = | lbs pure CL2(chlorine) / decimal percentage hypochlorite
🗑
|
||||
| lbs/day = | mgd * 8.34 * mg/L
🗑
|
||||
| mg/L = | lbs/day / (mgd*8.34)
🗑
|
||||
| Dosage = | Demand + Residual
🗑
|
||||
| Demand = | Dosage - Residual
🗑
|
||||
| Residual = | Dosage - Demand
🗑
|
||||
| Pumping level = | Static level + Drawdown
🗑
|
||||
| Static Level = | Pumping Level - Drawdown Level
🗑
|
||||
| How do you convert from gpd to gph | gpd / 24
🗑
|
||||
| How do you convert from gph to gpd | gph * 24
🗑
|
||||
| How do you convert from gpm to gph | gpm * 60
🗑
|
||||
| How do you convert from gph to gpm | gph / 60
🗑
|
||||
| gph | gallons per hour
🗑
|
||||
| how do you convert from inches to feet | inches/12
🗑
|
||||
| how do you convert from feet to inches | feet * 12
🗑
|
||||
| How do you convert from square inches to square feet | in(2) = in(2)/12(2)
🗑
|
||||
| How do you convert from square feet to square inches | ft(2) = ft(2)* 12(2)
🗑
|
||||
| How do you convert from feet to yards | feet/3
🗑
|
||||
| How do you convert from yards to feet | feet*3
🗑
|
||||
| How do you convert from feet to miles | feet/5280
🗑
|
||||
| How do to convert from miles to feet | miles*5280
🗑
|
||||
| How do you calculate 5 to the 3rd power on a calculator | 5*5*5
🗑
|
||||
| You know: cubic feet; you want to know: how many gallons are in it; What equation do you use? | Number of gallons = cubic feet * 7.48
🗑
|
||||
| You know: the number of gallons; You want to know: the weight of the water; What equation do you use? | Weight(lbs) = gallons * 8.34
🗑
|
||||
| How do you convert cubic feet to cubic yards? | yd(3) = ft(3)/27
🗑
|
||||
| How do you convert cubic yards to cubic feet? | ft(3) = yd(3) * 27
🗑
|
||||
| You know: feet above ground(height); You want to know: psi; What is the calculation? | psi = height * .433
🗑
|
||||
| You know: psi; You want to know: height; What is the calculation? | height(ft) = pressure(psi) * 2.31
🗑
|
||||
| How do you convert from gpm to gpd | gpm * 1440
🗑
|
||||
| How do you convert from gpd to gpm | dgp/1440
🗑
|
||||
| The abbreviation for pound | lbs
🗑
|
||||
| How do you convert % to decimal | %/100; or shift the decimal point 2 places to the left
🗑
|
||||
| How do you convert decimal to % | % * 100; or shift the decimal point 2 places to the right
🗑
|
||||
| How do you calculate a percentage of some known amount (How Much)?; for example 10% of 200mg/l | How much = known amount * (%/100)
🗑
|
||||
| How do you calculate the amount left after a percentage of the original amount is removed (Amount left)? For example: "10% of 30lbs is used, how much is left?" | Amount left = starting amount - (starting amount * (%/100); or Amount left = starting amount - How Much
🗑
|
||||
| Under the Surface Water Treatment Rules what NTU must be | <= 0.3 NTU in at least 95% of measurements taken each month; No sample can exceed 1 NTU;
🗑
|
||||
| Under the Surface Water Treatment Rules systems serving less than 500 persons my reduce turbidity sampling to? | once per day
🗑
|
||||
| Under the Surface Water Treatment Rules what percent of Giardia cysts must be inactivated or removed? | at least 99.9%
🗑
|
||||
| Under the Surface Water Treatment Rules what percent of viruses must be inactivated or removed? | at least 99.99%
🗑
|
||||
| Primary parts of a fire hydrant | shoe, main valve, traffic coupling, barrel, bonnet or cap, operating nut, pumper nozzle; weep holes
🗑
|
||||
| Volume of a cylinder (tower, anything long and with a circular end) | volume = Area of the circle (end) * Length(height,depth...); volume = (pi*r(2))* heighth
🗑
|
||||
| volume of a square or rectangle | volume = length * width * height;
🗑
|
||||
| area of a circle | area = pi*r(2)
🗑
|
||||
| Area of a rectangle | area = Length * width * height
🗑
|
||||
| In small water systems the operator is often (3 job titles, and 2 characteristics) | a meter reader, the repair crew, the pump operator, the highest paid employee, a college graduate.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the acceptable Oxygen Range for confined spaces? | 19 to 22
🗑
|
||||
| When planning a collection system you must consider what the population will be _____ years into the future. | 20 to 25
🗑
|
||||
| When planning a collection system you must consider capacity needed ________ years into the future. | 50
🗑
|
||||
| Purpose of a sewer use ordinance | to protect the system from injurious industrial wastes.
🗑
|
||||
| wastewater is moved through the collection system by using.... | gravity and lift stations
🗑
|
||||
| minimum flow velocity required to keep transported solids in suspension | 2 feet per second (FPS)
🗑
|
||||
| Flow velocity is effected by | grade, gpm, pip material (c-factor), Pipe diameter
🗑
|
||||
| Define c-factor | a pipe's coefficient of roughness or rating for interior wall smoothness; (how smooth the interior of the pipe is)
🗑
|
||||
| The smallest diameter pipe allowed for a city main | 6 inches
🗑
|
||||
| Primary components of a collection system | sewer pipe, cleanouts, grease traps, sand traps, vent pipes, siphons, manholes, lift stations
🗑
|
||||
| who is responsible for installing a house service line? | the property owner
🗑
|
||||
| define service line | starts at the property and extends to the property line where it joins a lateral
🗑
|
||||
| define later line | belongs to the city and is tapped into a submain or main
🗑
|
||||
| define outfall sewer | the line that carries the sewage to treatment
🗑
|
||||
| where are cleanouts installed | where there may be a stoppage such as between the house line and the city lateral
🗑
|
||||
| how is a cleanout designed to be used | by inserting a cleaning tool
🗑
|
||||
| a cleanout is not designed for | personnel entry
🗑
|
||||
| Total Suspended Solids (TSS) can be removed by | filtration
🗑
|
||||
| Where should grease traps should be installed and inspected | kitchens, garages and restaurants...
🗑
|
||||
| Where should sand traps be installed and inspects | car washes and other places where sand is likely to enter the sewer
🗑
|
||||
| purpose of vent pipes | to improve gravity flow and dissipate gases in sewer lines.
🗑
|
||||
| purpose of inverted siphons | used where the sewer must cross under an obstruction (below the hydraulic gradient); stream, highway, railroad tracks...
🗑
|
||||
| the minimum size and grade of a gravity flow sewer line on city right-of-way | 6 inches and 0.50 percent
🗑
|
||||
| When planning construction to the following: | guard excavations with barricades and warning signs; notify public of any traffic disruptions;
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
tbuckerfield