Chemistry Chapter 5 Vocab
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| Electromagnetic radiation | A form of energy exhibiting wavelike behavior as travels through space; can be described by wavelength, frequency, amplitude and speed.
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| Wavelength | The shortest distance between equivalent points on a continuous wave; is usually expressed in meters, centimeters or nanometers.
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| Frequency | The number of waves that pass a given point per second.
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| Amplitude | The height of a wave from the origin to a crest, or from the origin to a trough.
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| Electromagnetic spectrum | Includes all forms of electromagnetic radiation; the types of radiation differ in their frequencies an wavelengths.
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| Quantum | The minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost b an atom.
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| Planck's constant | 6.626 x 10-34 J*s, where J is the symbol for the joule.
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| Photoelectric effect | A phenomenon in which photoelectrons are emitted from a metal's surface when light of a certain frequency shines on the surface.
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| Photon | A particle of electromagnetic radiation with no mass that carries a quantum of energy.
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| Atomic Emission Spectrum | A set of frequencies of electromagnetic waves given off by atoms of an element; consist of a series of fine lines of individual colors.
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| Electron Configuration | The arrangement of electrons in an atom, which is prescribed by three rules- the aufbau principle, the Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule.
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| Aufbau Principle | States that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available.
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| Pauli Exclusion Principle | States that a maximum of two electrons can occupy a single atomic orbital but only if the electrons have opposite spins.
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| Hund's Rule | States that single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal- energy orbitals before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals.
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| Valence Electron | The electrons in an atom's outermost orbitals; determine the chemical properties of an element.
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| Electron-Dot- Structure | Consists of an element's symbol, representing he atomic nucleus and inner level electrons, that is surrounded by dots, representing the atom's valence electrons.
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| Ground State | the lowest allowable energy state of an atom
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| Quantum Number | the number assigned to each orbit of an electron
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| de Broglie Equation | predicts that all moving particles have wave characteristics and relates each particle's wavelength to its frequency, its mass, and Planck's constant
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| Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle | states that it is not possible to know precisely both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time
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| Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom | an atomic model in which electrons are treated as waves; also called the wave mechanical model of the atom
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| Atomic Orbital | a three-dimensional region around the nucleus of an atom that describes an an electron's probable location
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| Principal Quantum Number | assigned b the quantum mechanical model to indicate thel relative sizes and energies of atomic orbitals
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| Principal Energy Level | the major energy levels of an atom
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| Energy Sublevel | the energy levels contained within a principle energy level
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