chapter 9
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | screen film and direct exposure film
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| show | super coat=outer most laye
emulsion=gelatin
adhesive layer=bonds emulsion base
base layer=inner most layer
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| base layer | show 🗑
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| crossover effect | show 🗑
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| show | -Radiation/light sensitive
-very fragile and must have plastic base for stability
-consists of silver halide crystals (silver bromide and silver iodine in gelatin)
-silver halide: the material that is sensitive to light
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| silver halide crystals | show 🗑
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| supercoat layer (outer most layer) | show 🗑
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| film characteristics | show 🗑
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| film speed | show 🗑
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| film contrast | show 🗑
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| show | range of exposure that can be used with a film to produce diagnostic densities
-wide latitude
-narrow latitude
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| wide latitude | show 🗑
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| show | increase contrast=differentiate more strikingly with densities because of high contrast= black &white
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| show | the color of light to which a particular film is most sensitive
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| show | blue sensitive
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| show | green sensitive
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| storing of unexposed film | show 🗑
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| storage temp for unexposed film | show 🗑
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| storage humidity for unexposed film | show 🗑
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| show | image on the film after exposure to x-ray but before processing
-invisible
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| what is a manifest image | show 🗑
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| show | converting latent image into the manifest image
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| show | a device that encompasses chemical tanks,roller transport system and a dryer system for processing film
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| show | the amount of time needed to process 1 film (45 sec-3-5 minutes)
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| processor capacity | show 🗑
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| show | 1.developing
2.fixer
3.washer
4.dryer
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| show | developing- deepest and film spends the most in it
fixing-next deepest and film spends less time in the fixer then the developer
washing-least deep and film spend the least amount of time here
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| show | to create a latent image to manifest image
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| show | -increase amount for metallic silver on film by increasing the number of silver atoms in each latent image center
-reduce amount of silver halide crystals into metallic silver
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| show | solution causes the emulsion to swell in order to allow interaction between chemicals and silver halide.
solution donates an e- to sensitivity speck and therefor attracts more silver to the area of the sensitivity speck
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| show | increase time and temp.=increased density=increased fog
decrease time and temp=decreased density=film underdeveloped
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| show | 1.developer/reducer
2.accelerator/activator
3.restrainer
4.preservative
5.hardener
6.solvent
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| developer tank: developing/reducing agent | show 🗑
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| developer tank:accelerator/activator (buffering agent) | show 🗑
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| developer tank: restrainer | show 🗑
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| developer tank:preservative | show 🗑
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| show | purpose:hardens emulsion after swelling due to reducing agents.
protects the image from being damaged by roller system while moving into fixer tank.
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| show | purpose:to dilute chemicals so that they aren't too potent
-water
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| show | decreased chemical activity.
2 types: aerial oxidation and use oxidation
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| show | decreased chemical strength due to exposure to air
-affects developer because of air from feed tray
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| use oxidation | show 🗑
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| show | -to remove all undeveloped/unexposed silver halide
(without affecting the metallic silver image)
-make the manifest image permanent
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| secondary function of the fixer | show 🗑
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| 5 agents of fixing solution | show 🗑
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| show | purpose:to clear undeveloped silver halide from the film
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| show | purpose: to stop development process and create acidic ph for fixing agent
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| fixer tank: preservative | show 🗑
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| fixer tank:hardener | show 🗑
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| fixer tank:solvent | show 🗑
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| show | fixer crossing over into the developer can disrupt the effectiveness of th developer solution.
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| show | purpose:to remove fixer from film
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| show | purpose:to remove 85-90% moister from film
radiographs must retain 10-15% moister
too little will cause cracking
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| 10 components of the vertical transport system | show 🗑
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| show | flat metal surface with edges on either side that permits the film to enter easily and correctly aligned.
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| entrance rollers | show 🗑
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| transport rollers | show 🗑
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| turnaround/master rollers aka deep rollers | show 🗑
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| crossover roller | show 🗑
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| show | slightly curved metal plates that guide the film between the rollers
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| what happens when guide shoes are in misalignment? | show 🗑
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| drive system | show 🗑
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| drive system:stand by control | show 🗑
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| show | replacement of fresh chemicals after loss of chemicals during processing.
fixer & developer can become exhausted and decrease function
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| show | replenishment system of developer and fixer is activated and pumps fresh chemicals for as long as the piece of film is in the entrance roller.film must be place crosswise to avoid over replenishment.
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| flood replenishment system | show 🗑
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| show | too many new chemicals.
developer=increased density/decreased contrast
fixer=overall wasting of solution
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| show | too many old chemicals!
developer=films jam because of lack of hardener
fixer=films jam because of lack of hardener and leads to poor archival quality
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| recirculation | show 🗑
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| developer temperature | show 🗑
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| 3 types of temperature controls | show 🗑
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| temperature control:water jackets | show 🗑
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| show | heating coil immersed in tank and controlled by thermostat
-cold water tank only needs cold water supply
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| show | located in recirculation system of developer that heats water to proper temp before recirculation back into tank
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| drying system | show 🗑
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| safelight wattage range | show 🗑
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| silver recovery | show 🗑
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| show | 60*-80*F
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| show | 30-50%
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Created by:
lchadderton
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