Contrast info, Density info
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| An H & D curve demonstrating a steep curve represents film with ______? | High contrast
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| How does the use of grids affect the contrast of a radiograph? | Produces higher contrast
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| Subject contrast is caused by? | Tissue density differences, atomic number, and body part thickness
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| List the body parts in order from less absorbing power to more absorbing power. | Air, Fat, Water, Muscle, and Bone
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| Adding air to a body part ______ its tissue density compared to the structures around it. | Decreases
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| Adding iodine or barium to a body part ______ its tissue density compared to the structures around it. | Increases
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| What is the main controlling factor for radiographic contrast? | kVP
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| The radiation that goes through the patient's body is called? | Exit radiation or remnant radiation
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| Scattered radiation ________ radiographic contrast. | Lowers
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| 3 most common contrast agents | Air, Barium and Iodine
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| Adding air <increases/decreases> radiographic density | Decreases
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| As x-ray photons are absorbed, scattered, or pass through, the intensity of the beam is reduced. this is called _______. | Attenuation
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| ________ refers to the ability of a film to record a wide range of densities. | Film latitude
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| Low energy radiation will result in ______ ____ contrast. | Short scale
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| How will high kvp techniques affect radiographic contrast? | Produce lower contrast
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| The quality of an x-ray beam is determined by? | kVp
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| How will increasing screen speed affect radiographic quality? | Produce higher contrast
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| Which grid ratio should be used to maintain contrast when using over 100 kvp? | 12:1
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| The number of density difference in a radiograph refers to what? | Scale of contrast
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| How does a small increase indeveloper temperature affect radiographic contrast? | Produces higher contrast
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| Subject contrast will be the lowest with which body habitus? | Hyperstenic
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| What accessory can be used to demonstrate a scale of contrast or test for contrast? | Penetrometer
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| How will an air gap technique affect radiographic contrast? | Produce higher contrast
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| Contrast can be measured from an H & D curve by finding the slope of the ________ ________. | Highest contrast
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| Long wavelength radiation will result in _____ scale contrast. | Short
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| What type of relationship occurs with contrast when mAs increases? | Inverse relationship
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| What type of relationship occurs with contrast when SOD increases? | Inverse relationship
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| What type of relationship occurs with contrast when tube angle increases? | No change
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| Why is contrast needed in a radiographic image? | Makes detail visible.
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| How does an increase in developer temperature affect contrast? | Contrast decreases.
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| As contrast decreases, how is the number of densities in the film affected? | Increases
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| As motion increases, what happens to contrast? | Motion has no effect on contrast.
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| Define contrast. | Difference between adjacent densities.
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| A visible change in kVp is not seen until kVp is changed __ to __%, depending on kVP range. | 4, 12
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| What are the two types of radiographic contrast? | Film and subject contrast
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| Define film contrast. | The range of densities that the image is capable of recording.
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| Define subject contrast. | Range of differences in the intensity of the x-ray beam after it has been attenuated by the subject.
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| What happens to contrast if collimation is increased? | Decreased contrast
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| Density is one of the two ________ properties comprising visibility of detail. | Photographic
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| Increments of 0.3 changes in optical density numbers represent a ________ or ________ of opacity. | Doubling, halving
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| Image density/brightness on the display monitor is controlled by __________ ________ | Window levelling
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| The ______________ _______ states film density should remain unchanged as long as the intensity and duration of x-ray exposure remains unchanged. | Reciprocity law
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| When kVp ranges 30 - 50, a __ to ___ percent change in kVP can be detected. | 4 to 5
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| A __ to ___ percent change in kVp is required in the 50-90 kVp range. | 8 to 9
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| A ___ to __ percent change in kVp is required in the 90 - 130 kVp range. | 10 to 12
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| The 15 percent rule is somewhat accurate within the range of ___ to ____ kVp. | 60 to 100
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| The image receptor exposure is always greater at the _________ end. | Cathode
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| The anode heel effect is also more significant when using ____ _____ anodes (12 degrees or less) | small angle
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| The portion of an object with the greatest subject density should be placed toward the ____ end of the tube. | Cathode
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| Radiolucent contrast media (air) will _________ film density. | Increase
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| Radiopaque contrast media (barium, iodine) will _______ film density. | Decrease
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| As relative speed increases, the amount of exposure required to maintain the same film density ____________. | Decreases
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| Film density will _____ when developer solution temperatures ________. | Increase, increase
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| Film density will _____ when developer solution temperatures ________. | Decrease, decrease
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| __________ ____________ controls image contrast. | Window width
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| As the slope of the Dlog E curve increases, contrast is _______. | Increased
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| Low kVp produces ____ subject contrast because most of the low energy photons are absorbed by thicker parts. | Higher
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| With high kVP, subject contrast is _______ because more uniform penetration occurs between thick and thin parts. | Decreased
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| In a fixed kilovoltage system, the kVp is held _______, while the mAs is ______ to achieve appropriate image receptor exposure. | Constant, varied
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| Fixed kilovotage technique systems, _____ patient dose. | Decrease
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| _______________ kVp is the maximum kVp level that will produce images with appropriate contrast, consist within acceptance limits. | Optimal
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| The objective of optimal kVp is to determine the ____kVp and _____ contrast that is within acceptance limits. | Highest, lowest
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| A ________ ____________ x-ray exposure technique system is one where the kilovoltage to be used for a particular projection is varied, depending on measured body part thickness. | Variable kilovoltage
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