Music Test 2
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German late baroque composer who worked in both sacred and secular positions and played as an organist and violinist | show 🗑
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True or false: Bach was deeply religious, and this permeated his work. | show 🗑
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show | Married twice, had 20 children
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Where is the most famous place that Bach worked, and what did he do there? | show 🗑
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______ wrote a prelude for every key on the chromatic scale, twice. | show 🗑
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A polyphonic composition based on one main theme, or subject, written for groups of voices/instruments | show 🗑
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Main theme of a fugue | show 🗑
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How is a subject normally presented in a fugue? | show 🗑
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show | Episode
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Bach's "Little Fugue" in G minor is based on a single theme but contains a lot of variety. What are 4 ways in which he creates variety in the piece? | show 🗑
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German late baroque composer who studied music in Germany, opera in Italy, then created his own opera company and wrote many operas in London, becoming England's most important composer | show 🗑
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show | A lawyer
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show | Westminister Abbey
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show | Baroque; oratorios, operas
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What did Handel favor as topics for his oratorios? | show 🗑
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show | Texture
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show | It shifts between major and minor keys
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Handel's ______ were meant to showcase virtuoso singers' abilities. | show 🗑
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Large-scale composition for chorus, vocal soloists, and orchestra, usually set to a narrative text, but without acting, scenery, or costumes; often based on biblical stories/sacred topics | show 🗑
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show | Chorus, aria, duet, recitative, orchestral interlude; chorus
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Handel's "Messiah" is in ___ parts. What is each part about? | show 🗑
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The aria in Handel's "Ev'ry Valley Shall Be Exalted" from "Messiah" is based on what? | show 🗑
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What text is Handel's "Hallelujah" chorus from "Messiah" based on? | show 🗑
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Give three ways Handel's treatment of text and musical ideas aids the listener in understanding the text in the "Hallelujah" chorus from "Messiah." | show 🗑
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Handel's "The Messiah" is _____ hours of music written over a period of ___ days. | show 🗑
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Handel's "The Messiah" played in two different places. What were they and how was it received in each place? | show 🗑
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What is the overall topic of Handel's "The Messiah"? | show 🗑
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show | Balance, structure
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show | Preclassical - 1730-1770; high classical - 1770-1820 (what we think of for classical)
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show | Joseph Haydn; Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart; Ludwig van Beethoven
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show | Contrast of mood; flexibility of rhythm; mostly homophonic texture; tuneful, easy to sing melody; use of gradual dynamic changes; end of basso continuo
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show | There was contrast both between and within movements of a piece.
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show | There were multiple rhythmic patterns in a piece.
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show | False. Texture was mostly homophonic, but there were frequent shifts.
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show | Folk/popular
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Classical music's use of gradual dynamic changes was related to the development of the…. | show 🗑
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show | It occurred with the gradual end of the harpsichord as the piano took over.
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show | Standardization of instrumentation (how many used); increase in size of orchestra; core of orchestra still strings; composers made use of various timbres available
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True or false: Although the size of the orchestra grew during the classical period, it was still smaller than that of today. | show 🗑
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show | Equal
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In classical music, ______ moved around between instruments. | show 🗑
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show | Breakdown of patronage system; rise of public (consumer-driven) system; prospering middle class wanted aristocratic pleasures (theatre, literature, music); middle class kids received music lessons; serious compositions became flavored by folk/pop music
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show | Decline of aristocracy; rise of democracy
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How did a rise of a public, consumer driven system during the classical period affect composers? | show 🗑
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show | Public, ticketed concerts became common.
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What was the effect of many middle class children receiving music lessons during the classical period? | show 🗑
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Another term for the light, graceful style of music popular in the classical period is... | show 🗑
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While a late baroque movement may convey ____ emotion, a classical composition will ________ in mood. | show 🗑
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While baroque pieces convey a sense of continuity with ______ rhythmic patterns repeated throughout, a classical composition has ________ rhythmic patterns. | show 🗑
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show | Homophonic
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show | True
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show | Two
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Classical music often uses _______ dynamic change. | show 🗑
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show | Piano
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show | The basso continuo
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In classical orchestra, what was the core of the instruments? | show 🗑
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show | Two timpani
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What classical orchestral instruments usually had the melody? | show 🗑
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show | Strings
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Which family of instruments brought power to the classical orchestra? | show 🗑
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What was the order of tempos for a classical instrumental piece in four movements? | show 🗑
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Relative to musicians, which financial system began to break down during the classical period? | show 🗑
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What sort of musical entertainment began to develop during the classical period? | show 🗑
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Which new class demanded musical instruction during the classical period? | show 🗑
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show | Folk/pop
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What city was the music capital of the German-speaking world during the classical period? | show 🗑
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show | 20-45
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show | 4
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Describe the first movement of a classical symphony. | show 🗑
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Describe the second movement of a classical symphony. | show 🗑
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Describe the third movement of a classical symphony. | show 🗑
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Describe the fourth movement of a classical symphony. | show 🗑
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Melodies of classical symphonies are called ______. | show 🗑
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True or false: Themes in one movement of a classical symphony are often found in other movements as well. | show 🗑
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show | Sonata form
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Sonata form consists of three main sections. What are they? | show 🗑
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A movement in sonata form may be preceded by a slow ________ that creates a strong feeling of expectancy. | show 🗑
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show | Bridge
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The three main sections of a sonata form movement are often followed by a concluding section known as the…. | show 🗑
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Short musical ideas developed within a composition are called fragments or…. | show 🗑
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________ is one of, if not the, most common classical forms, continuing up to and including the 20th century. | show 🗑
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What is another name for sonata form? | show 🗑
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show | Exposition
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Second section of sonata form movement, in which themes from the exposition are developed and the music moves through several different keys; themes are broken into fragments/motives | show 🗑
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Third section of sonata form movement, in which first theme, bridge, second theme, and concluding section are presented more or less as they were in the exposition, except all principal material is now in the tonic key | show 🗑
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In sonata form movement, a concluding section following the recapitulation and rounding off the movement by repeating themes or developing them further | show 🗑
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Form in which a basic musical idea is repeated over and over and is changed each time in melody, rhythm, harmony, dynamics, or tone color. Used either an an independent piece or as one movement of a larger work | show 🗑
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show | Single. A A' A'' A'''
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Compositional form - derived from a dance - in 3 parts: minuet (A), trio (B), minuet (A). Often used as the third movement of classical symphonies, string quartets, and other works, it is in triple meter and usually in a moderate tempo. | show 🗑
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show | Rondo
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show | Pop
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The ______ movement of Haydn's "Surprise Symphony" is in theme and variations form. | show 🗑
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show | An unexpected loud chord
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The minuet is generally the ________ movement of a classical symphony. | show 🗑
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Describe the character of a minuet emotionally. | show 🗑
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Because of its character, the rondo is most often the ______ movement of a classical symphony. | show 🗑
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Orchestral composition, usually in four movements, typically lasting between 20-45 minutes, exploiting the expanded range of tone color and dynamics of the orchestra | show 🗑
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Fragment of a theme, or short musical idea that is developed within a composition | show 🗑
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Long, agonized letter from Beethoven to his brothers on his deafness | show 🗑
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show | Deafness
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In 1803 Beethoven composed the Third Symphony. It was named ______ after ______, but Beethoven crossed out the dedication when he learned that _______ had proclaimed himself emperor of the French and instead named it _____. | show 🗑
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Beethoven carried ________ everywhere, jotting down musical ideas. | show 🗑
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show | Classical, romantic
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In Beethoven's works, great tension and excitement are built up through __________ and ___________. | show 🗑
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show | Pitch, dynamics
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Beethoven _______ his forms. | show 🗑
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show | Lead directly; the traditional pause between movements
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show | Short-short-long
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In Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, the basic ______ of the first movement reappears in the _______ and _______ movements. | show 🗑
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show | A bridge passage
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show | A horn call motive; legato
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show | Orchestra
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The recapitulation of the first movement of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony brings a new expressive ________ at the end of the first theme. | show 🗑
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show | Development
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German composer of late classical/early romantic period who was the son of a court musician forced to study music; studied with Haydn in Vienna, worked as a freelance composer there, and died there | show 🗑
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show | True
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True or false: Beethoven wrote his final pieces while totally deaf. | show 🗑
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Beethoven wrote in all ________ genres. | show 🗑
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True or false: Beethoven sometimes worked for years on a single piece of music. | show 🗑
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show | Trombone
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show | Beethoven
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show | He expanded the development and coda sections of sonata form.
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show | Fragmenting them into motives
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The Romantic period extended from ________. | show 🗑
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The classical period extended from _______. | show 🗑
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Composers of the romantic period continued to use ________ of the preceding classical era. | show 🗑
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Like some classical composers, romantic composers aimed for _________ intensity and __________ melody. | show 🗑
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Romantic music emphasizes self-expression and __________ of style. | show 🗑
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What are the five most common subjects of romantic music? | show 🗑
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Other important Romantic features involve the musical use of folk songs and dances. These two features, respectively, derive from the political movement called ________ and the trend called _________. | show 🗑
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Instrumental music associated with a story, poem, idea, or scene | show 🗑
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The romantic orchestra can include close to ______ musicians. | show 🗑
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show | A cast-iron frame made the piano's tone more "singing"; its range was extended; the piano could produce more sound; damper pedal allowed a sonorous blend of tones
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show | Chromatic harmony
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The slight holding back or pressing forward in tempo common in romantic music | show 🗑
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show | ffff, pppp
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A technique used in romantic music in which a melody returns in a later movement or section of a work with its character transformed by changes in dynamics, orchestration, or rhythm | show 🗑
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What does it mean that romantic music used individuality of style? | show 🗑
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show | Nationalism
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Music that intentionally implies a foreign culture; frequently used in operas with foreign settings | show 🗑
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How can you enhance the understanding of program music? | show 🗑
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show | Blending of existing instruments; addition of new instruments
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________ is important to the emotional content of romantic music. | show 🗑
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In romantic music, changes in mood are frequently underlined by…. | show 🗑
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show | Some composers went on for hours and their works required hundreds of performers. Others' music lasted only a few minutes and was written for a single instrument.
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show | False. Composers continued to write symphonies, sonatas, string quartets, concertos, operas, and many other traditional works.
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What two effects did the total demise of the patronage system in the romantic period have on composers and their public? | show 🗑
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New _____ classes emerged in the romantic period, leading to new musical ______. | show 🗑
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In the romantic period, the public was entranced by virtuosity. What effect did this have for composers? | show 🗑
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show | Private; piano
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In the _______ period, composers and their audience actually came from the same class. | show 🗑
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Few romantic composers were financially successful from composition alone. What else did they do to support themselves? | show 🗑
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The word _____ is commonly used for a romantic art song with German text. | show 🗑
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Romantic form in which music is repeated for each stanza of a song | show 🗑
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show | Through-composed form
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The mood of an art song is often set by a brief ________, and then summed up at the end by a ________, both performed on the accompanying instrument, the _______. | show 🗑
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show | Schubert
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show | Goethe
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show | 600
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The Erlking, in Schubert's song of that name, is a romantic personification of…. | show 🗑
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show | The gallop of a horse
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What is the form of The Erlking? | show 🗑
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show | Narrator, father, song, Erlking
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Name three criteria that make Schubert's "Erlking" romantic in style. | show 🗑
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Romantic composition for solo voice and piano in which the accompaniment is an integral part of the song; linked to the vast amount of poetry of the period (poems were translated into music) | show 🗑
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Romantic form in which the same music is used for all verses except for one | show 🗑
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show | Song cycle
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Early romantic composer born in Vienna who was regarded as a prodigy with his own unique style and wrote many songs, symphonies, string quartets, other chamber music, sonatas, masses, operas, and piano works | show 🗑
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In the 1830s, _____ was the center of romanticism, an artistic capital of Europe, and home of what three famous authors? | show 🗑
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show | Shy/reserved
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Chopin's output of music was relatively _____ in size. | show 🗑
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show | It must play rapid passages throughout
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show | Miniatures
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show | Etude
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show | Nocturne
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A dance in triple meter that originated as a stately processional for the Polish nobility | show 🗑
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show | Polonaises, mazurkas
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show | Frederic Chopin
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show | Aurore Dudevant; George Sand
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True or false: Chopin wrote a lot of program music. | show 🗑
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_______ was known as the "poet of the piano." | show 🗑
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show | Program symphony
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Music intended to be performed before and during a play, setting the mood for the drama | show 🗑
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show | Romantic orchestra
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show | Movie scores
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Nonprogram music is also known as ______ music. | show 🗑
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In order to support his family, Berlioz urned to…. | show 🗑
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show | Tone color
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Berlioz's "Fantastic Symphony" is startling because of its _________ program, _______ orchestration, and vivid description of…. | show 🗑
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In real life the Beloved of Berlioz's "Fantastic Symphony" was…. | show 🗑
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show | A march to death
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show | Idee fixe
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show | The theme becomes a grotesque dance tune, representing the beloved being found to be a witch.
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The sacred chant melody quoted in the last movement of Berlioz's "Fantastic Symphony" is the…. | show 🗑
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show | Witches' dance
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At the climax of the fifth movement of Berlioz's "Fantastic Symphony," which two melodies are played against each other? | show 🗑
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List a few of the playing techniques Berlioz incorporated into the fifth movement of the "Fantastic Symphony" for musical effects. Describe how those effects help to create a sense of the macabre and strangeness for the listener. | show 🗑
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show | It makes the piece very eerie and morbid. He uses it to represent to eternal damnation of the main character.
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Hungarian-born Romantic composer who was a virtuoso pianist; was a touring concert pianist and "pop star" but eventually retired and took a court position, giving him more time to compose | show 🗑
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show | 20th century
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show | Some called it "bombastic" and "vulgar," while others argued it was the ideal music.
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show | Liszt
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show | Liszt
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show | Key/tonality
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show | Tonic/keynote/home key
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show | Scale
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Series of seven different tones within an octave, with the eighth tone repeating the first tone an octave higher, consisting of a specific pattern of whole and half steps; the whole step between the second and third tones is characteristic | show 🗑
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Series of seven tones within an octave, with an eight tone repeating the first tone an octave higher, composed of a specific pattern of whole and half steps; the half step between the second and third tones is characteristic | show 🗑
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show | Half step
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show | Whole step
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Shift from one key to another within the same piece | show 🗑
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Who is the composer of the Little Fugue in G Minor? | show 🗑
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Who is the composer of Messiah, with excerpts including "Ev'ry Valley Shall Be Exalted" and "Hallelujah"? | show 🗑
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show | Haydn
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show | Mozart
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show | Beethoven
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Who is the composer of Symphony No. 5 in C Minor? | show 🗑
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show | Schubert
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show | Chopin
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Who is the composer of Etude in C Minor ("Revolutionary" etude)? | show 🗑
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