Mixtures and Separation
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| liquid | One of the states of matter. Has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape.
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| solid | One of the states of matter. Has a fixed shape and fixed volume.
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| gas | One of the states of matter. Does not have a fixed shape or a fixed volume and is easy to squash.
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| dissolve | When a substance breaks up into such tiny pieces in a liquid that it can no longer be seen and forms a solution.
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| method | A description of how an experiment is carried out, written in simple, well-organised steps.
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| sequence | Step-by-step in the correct order, such as the steps in a method for an experiment.
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| imperative verb | A command to do something.
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| filtrate | The liquid that passes through a filter.
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| mixture | Two or more substances jumbled together but not joined to each other.
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| suspension | A mixture of a solid and liquid, where the solid bits are heavy enough to settle out if the mixture is left to stand.
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| colloid | A mixture of a solid, liquid or gas in a solid, liquid or gas, where the substances do not settle out if left to stand.
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| disperse | To spread without settling out, such as the bits in a colloid.
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| opaque | Not possible to see through.
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| solution | When a substance has dissolved in a liquid. Solutions are transparent.
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| transparent | Clear, can be seen through.
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| filter | Anything, such as cloth, paper or a layer of sand,
through which a liquid is passed to removesuspended
pieces of solid.
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| to filter | To separate solid substances that have not dissolved from a mixture containing solids and liquid.
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| sieve | A mesh or grid with holes that holds back large solids from a mixture but allows smaller solid pieces and liquids through.
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| to sieve | To separate large solids from a mixture using a sieve.
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| solvent | The liquid in which a substance dissolves to make a
solution.
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| solute | The substance that has dissolved in a liquid to make a solution.
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| soluble | Describes a substance that can dissolve in a liquid.
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| insoluble | Describes a substance that cannot dissolve in a liquid.
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| saturated | A solution that contains so much dissolved solute that no more solute can dissolve in it.
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| solubility | The amount of substance that dissolves in a particular solvent at a particular temperature to make a saturated solution.
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| heating to dryness | Evaporating the liquid from a solution to leave the solids that had been dissolved in it
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| evaporate | To change from the liquid state to the gas state.
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| hazard | A danger, or something that can harm.
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| risk | The likelihood that a hazard may cause harm.
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| evaporation | When a substance changes from its liquid state to its gas state, for example when the gas escapes from the surface of the liquid into the air.
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| sodium chloride | The chemical name for table salt.
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| boiling | When there is liquid turning into a gas in all parts of a liquid, creating bubbles of gas in the liquid.
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| boiling point | The temperature at which a liquid boils.
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| chromatography | A method that separates out dissolved substances in a mixture, using a liquid or gas solvent. T
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| paper chromatography | Chromatography where the solvent moves through
paper, carrying the dissolved solids.
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| chromatogram | The results of chromatography (e.g. a dried piece of paper for paper chromatography), when the dissolved solids have been separated.
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| desalination | To produce fresh drinking water by separating the water from the salts in salty water.
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| distillation | The process of separating a liquid from a mixture by evaporating the liquid and then condensing it (so that it can be collected).
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| steam | Water as a gas. May also be called water vapour.
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| condense | When a substance changes from its gas state to its
liquid state.
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| still | Apparatus that can be used for distillation.
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