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HT and Limbic System

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Question
Answer
The limbic system is responsible for responses such as ______, ______, ______   behavior, drives, emotion  
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The limbic system is interposed between the ______ and the ______   hypothalamus, cortex  
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The structures of the limbic system serve as a bridge between ______ and ______ responses to changes in the environment   autonomic, voluntary  
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The Hypothalamus is a small part of the _______   diencephalon  
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The Hypothalamus coordinates _____ related behavior   drive  
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The Hypothalamus is designed to maintain out ______ environment ( homeostasis )   internal  
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The Hypothalamic connections are in 3 principle categories: Imterconnections with the ____ system, outputs to the _____ gland, and interconnections with various visceral and somatic nuclei of the _____ and _____   limbic, pituitary, brainstem and spinal cord  
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Hypothalamic general anatomy is subdivided longitudinally into 3 regions, the ______, _____, and _____ regions   anterior, tuberal, and posterior  
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The anterior region is above the _____ _____   optic chiasm  
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The tuberal region is above and including the _____ _______   tuber cinereum  
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The posterior region is located at the _____ _____   mammillary bodies  
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The hypothalamus is further divided into _____ and _____ zones, fornix   medial, lateral  
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Hypothalmic functions include maintaining _____ and controlling the _____ _____   homeostasis, pituitary gland  
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The pituitary gland secretes the _____ hormone (vasopressin) which retains water decreasing urine, and _____ which stimulates uterine contractions and milk production   antidiuretic, oxytocin  
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Hypothalamic centers have been implicated in ____, _____ behavior, regulating temperature, ___ motility, sexual activity, and numerous other functions.   feeding, drinking, gut  
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These behaviors can be elicited by stimulating the appropiate ______ structures as well.   brainstem  
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Hypothalamus when stimulated initiates _____ activity in other parts of the CNS, which in turn causes the behavior pattern.   neural  
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Many of these same behaviors can be elicited by stimulation of _______.   amygdala  
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Loosely oragnized and small therefore discrete lesions affecting specific functions are rare, lesions must be _____ to disrupt most hypothalamic function to see sxs   bilateral  
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Overall control of the ANS anteriorly: has ______ responses, posteriorly has ______ responses, there is an overlap of the two   parasympathetic, sympathetic  
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In animal studies anterior stimulation caused _____, cutaneous _____, decrease in body ______, bilateral lesions: unable to dissipate _____   sweating, vasodilation, temperature, heat  
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In animal studies posterior stimulation caused cutaneous _______, shivering, increased _____, bilateral lesion: unable to ______ body temperature   vasoconstriction, temperature, regulate  
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In animal studies bilateral destruction to the ________ nucleus caused overeating   ventromedial  
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In animal studies bilateral destruction to the ____ _______( tuberal region ) caused no eating, potentially starve to death   lateral hypothalamus  
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Cats with bilateral destruction to the _______ nucleus over eat, get fat and become extremely nasty, hissing rages at the most innocuous stimuli   ventromedial  
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The limbic system is interposed between the ____ and the _____   hypothalamus, cortex  
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The limbic system is originally thought to be involved with the sesnse of ____   smell  
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Broca 1878 found a horseshoe shaped rim surrounding the junction between the ______ and ______ ______   diencephalon, cerebral hemispheres  
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The base of the arc Broca found was joined by _____ areas with the _____ tract and bulb projecting anteriorly like a handle   olfactory, olfactory  
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We know the limbic system is used for _______   memory  
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Limbic structures consist of _____ _____, _______ ____, _____, ______, and _____ _____   cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, amygdala, septal nuclei  
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Some include _______, _____ ____ formation, and _____ areas with the limbic structures.   hypothalamus, midbrain reticular, olfactory  
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Oversimplified circuit: ______ circuit is hippocampus --> fornix --> mammilary body --> anterior thalamic nucleus --> cingulate gyrus --> parahippocampal gyrus (entorhinal cortex )   Papez  
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The enthorhinal cortex: imputs from the _____, cingulate gyrus, orbital cortex, amygdala, and other areas of the ______ lobe. _______ receives almost all types of sensory information.   olfactory, temporal, hippocampus  
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The ________ is involved in explicit memomry, knowledge and remembering events.   hippocampus  
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Short term or working memory (procedural) comes from the ______ _____   prefrontal cortex  
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Long term memory (declarative) comes from many places including Implicit: skills and habit --> ______, _______, and ______, emotional associations --> ________conditioned reflexes --> ________Explicit:Remembering events --> _______Knowing facts --> ______   basal ganglia, motor cortex, cerebellum, amygdala, cerebellum, hippocampus, hippocampus  
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Hippocampus deficits unilateral lesions cause language related memory loss = _____   anomia  
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Hippocampus deficits CA1 include _____ disease and _______ amnesia   alzheimer's, anterograde  
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Mammillary bodies are responsible for memory. ______ psychosis has intact intelligence, but unable to form new memories, makes up answers when asked questions. Also called amnestic confabulatory syndrome.   Korsakoff's  
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Because all outputs from hippocampus do not all travel through the ______, damage to this structure does not cause major impairments in memory.   fornix  
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________ is located at the anterior end of the hippocampus   Amygdala  
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The Amygdala was considered at one time to be the part of the _____ _____. Amygdala has some inputs to the striatum.   basal ganglia  
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The Amygdala receives great deal of sensory inputs from several locations. ______ inputs are especially prominent.   olfactory  
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Amygdala projects to the ____ ____ and _____   cerebral cortex, hypothalamus  
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The Amygdala attaches _____ relevance to experience, memories, and internal stimuli.   emotional  
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The Amygdala controls higher order modulation of the ______   hypothalamus  
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The Amygdala aides in learning whether a fact is " ____" or "___"   good, bad  
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The Amygdala decides which facts become ______. Facts associated with strong emotion are more likely to be _______.   memory, remembered  
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Amygdala deficits include extreme behaviors, docility --> _____. Bilateral damage causes a large decrease in ________.   rage, aggression  
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____ _____ syndrome - bilateral damage to temporal lobes, amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus.   Kulver Bucy  
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Some sxs of Kulver Bucy Syndrome are: psychic ______ (visual agnosia), ______ tendcies, ____ - approach all objects without caution, dietary habit changes - compulsive eating, ______ behavior without preference.   blindness, hyperoral, docility, hypersexual  
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Created by: txst fall 2008
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