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vocab for FORT test

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Term
Definition
show a word element that is placed at the beginning(prefix), in the middle(infix), or at the end(suffix) of the root or word stem  
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show the repetition of the same or similar sounds(usually consonants) that are close to one another(e.g. the timid, tiny tadpole)  
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show the idea that letters represent sound and that printed letters can be turned into speech( and vice versa)  
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anecdotal records   show
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show a word which is the opposite of another word. Lard is the antonym of small  
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show generally, an approach to reading that incorporates both whole language and phonics instruction  
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blending   show
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book talk   show
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show sometimes referred to as unison reading. The whole class reads the same text aloud. Usually the teacher sets the pace. Choral reading helps with the ability to read sight words and build fluency.  
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chunking   show
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cloze   show
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show a letter and a sound. constants are the letters of the alphabet except for the vowels aeiou and sometimes y and w  
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consonant blend   show
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consonant digraph   show
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show a group of consonants that appear together in a syllable without a vowel between them  
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show bits of information from the text that, when combined with the reader's own knowledge, allow the reader to read between the lines figure out the meaning of the text, or determine the meaning of unknown words in the text  
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show drop everything and read. a time set aside during the school day in which everyone(teachers and students)drop everything and read.  
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show to analyze graphic symbols to determine their intended meaning  
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show when a skilled reader and a weaker, less-skilled reader reads the same text aloud. the skilled reader may be a peer, older sibling, parent, or teacher. duet reading builds confidence and fluency.  
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easy reader   show
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show when a skilled reader reads a portion of text(sometimes just a sentence) while the less-skilled reader "tracks". the less-skilled reader than imitates or "echoes" the skilled reader  
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show an emergent reader: has print awareness, reads in a left-to-right and top-to-bottom progression, uses some beginning and ending letter sounds, may tell the story from memory, may invent text, interprets/uses picture clues to help tell the story, is beginn  
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show print that is all around us: street signs, labels on cans or jars, handwritten notes.  
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show text that explains an event, concept, or idea using facts and examples.  
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fluency   show
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fluent reader   show
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genre   show
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grapheme   show
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guided reading   show
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show two words that have the same spelling, but different meaning and/or origins and may differ in pronunciations. Example: the bow of a ship and a hair bow  
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show two words that have the same pronunciation but differ in meaning or spelling or both. Example: pause and paws  
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idiom   show
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show students self select books to read. a students independent reading level is the level at which the student can read with 96-100% accuracy  
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show also referred to as lea. an approach to literacy instruction in which students only dictate text to a teacher(or scribe). The text is then read aloud by the teacher as the students read along silently. students are then encouraged to read and re-read the  
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show a document wherein students writes entries(usually short and ungraded) which reflect upon a lesson, activity, event, discussion, presentation, or experiment.  
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show books are leveled(ie placed in a certain category) based on the criteria of the person or enttity leveling the books, Irene c fountas and gay su pinnel, the developers of guided reading, advocate three stages. emergent readers, early readers, early fluent  
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literacy   show
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literacy centers   show
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show student led book discussion groups. students choose their own reading material and meet in small, temporary groups with other students who are reading the same book, the teachers acts a facilitator. literature circles by harvey daniels(stemhouse publisher  
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show the point the author is making about a topic. topic and main idea are not the same.  
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metaphor   show
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modeled reading   show
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show the smallest unit of meaning in oral written language  
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show generally writing about an event in a personal way  
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onset   show
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orthography   show
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paired reading   show
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show also referred to as predictable books. books which use repetitive language and/or scenes, sequences, episodes. predictable books allow early readers to predict what the sentence are going to say, thereby increasing enjoyment and helped to build vocabulary  
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phoneme   show
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show the awareness of sounds in spoken words. a subject of phonological awareness. phonemic awareness and phonics are not the same. Phonemic awareness is the ability to orally hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds or segments of sound in words. rese  
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predictable books   show
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prefix   show
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show the rules of print. for example. in the west one reads from left to right and moves from the top to the bottom of the page. research shows that three of the most important and fundamental concepts students need to learn to become readers are; knowledge of  
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show knowledge which the reader has prior to engaging in the lesson or reading. sometimes referred to as schema. it is important to activate prior knowledge before the lesson or reading. this allows students to connect what they are learning/reading with what  
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show when a vowel is followed by the letter r and this causes the vowel around to be altered.  
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show a war waged primarily in the 1980s and 1990s over the best way to teach reading. one one side the proponents of phonics; on the other the proponents of whole language. today, the general consensus, among researchers and reading specialists is a balanced a  
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reader's workshop   show
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reading in the content areas   show
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show a notebook or binder wherein students can respond to their reading. reading response logs may take many forms. teachers may wish to assign a prompt(or selection of prompts) which the students will then write about. or they can be used to document; reflect  
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show also referred to word family. all the sounds(after the onset) from the vowel to the end of the word. for example the rime in the word cat is at(the onset is c)  
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running record   show
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show the sound 'uh' for example the vowel sound heard at the beginning of the word alone. the schwa is represented by the symbol /a/ and any of the vowel letters(lettuce)  
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show the branch of linguistics studies meaning in language  
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shared reading   show
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show words that good readers instantly recognized with having to decode them. sight words are usually high frequency words. fty's 300 instant words may be found here.  
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silent, sustained reading   show
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show a group of letters added to the end of a word to form a new word. for example. whn ful is added to the word help, a new word is formed. helpful  
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syllable   show
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synonym   show
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show the word order pattern in sentences, phrases, etc  
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show the process of combining two separate elements into one new element  
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show what the text is about. the topic is not the same as the main idea  
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vowel   show
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show the blending of two vowel sounds. for example boil. also referred to as a vowel blend  
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show a group of two vowels in which only one sound is heard. for example,height.  
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show a holistic philosophy of reading instruction which gained momentum during the 1970s,80s, and early 90s. emphasizes the use of authentic text, reading for meaning, the integation of all language skills(reading, writing, speaking, and listening) and context  
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word analysis   show
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word families   show
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word segmentation   show
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word wall   show
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