Ch 1 Psychology Pre-test
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| In the definition of psychology, mental processes means: | Internal, Covert processes
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| A psychologist is interested in finding out why identical twins have different personalities. He is interested in the goal of: | Explanation
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| Psychologists who give potential employees tests that determine what kind of job those employees might best fit are interested in the goal of: | Prediction
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| Which early theorist developed his perspective on psychology by basing it on Darwin's "survival of the fittest" doctrine? | William James
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| "The whole is greater than the sum of the parts" is a statement associated with the perspective of: | Gestalt psychologists
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| ______ was (were) the focus of Watson's behaviorism. | Observable experiences
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| Who is most associated with the technique of introspection? | Wundt
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| Who was denied a Ph.D. despite completing all the requirements for earning the degree? | Mary Whiton Calkins
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| Which perspective focuses on free will and self-actualization? | Humanism
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| Jenna suffers from a nervous tic of washing her hands repeatedly and being unable to resist washing them again and again... Which perspective would explain Jenna's hand-washing behavior as a result of repressed conflicts? | Psychodynamics
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| Which perspective looks at perception, learning and memory? | Cognitive psychology
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| Which perspective assumes that human behavior may have developed in certain directions because it served a useful function in preserving the species? | Evolutionary Perspective
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| Which of the following professionals in psychology has the broadest area of interests and functions? | Psychologist
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| A person who has suffered a major stroke and is now experiencing severe personality problems because of the damage would best be advised to see a: | Psychiatrist
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| Which of the following specialties in psychology provides diagnosis and treatment for less serious mental problems such as adjustment disorders? | Counseling
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| In the scientific method, forming an educated guess is called: | Forming a hypothesis
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| In a laboratory observation, the main advantage of this method is: | The degree of control it allows the observer
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| Harlan wanted to write realistically about street gangs, so he pretended to be a teenager and joined a real gang. This is most similar to the method of: | Participant Observation
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| The main advantage of a case study is: | The amount of detail it provides about an individual
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| The entire group that a researcher is interested in is called a : | Population
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| Professor Jones surveyed her six classes and found that students who slept less than five hours the night before the exam received lower exam scores than those students who slept seven hours or more. What kind of correlation is this relationship between h | Positive
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| Drinking orange juice is negatively correlated with lowered risk of cancer. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true: | The more orange juice you drink, the lower your risk of cancer
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| A researcher designs an experiment to test the effects of playing video games on memory. What would be the dependent variable? What would the experimental group do? | Scores on a memory test...
play the video games
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| In Dr. Amabile's experiment on creativity and reward, what was the independent variable? (Collage experiment) | The special instructions to each group
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| In a _______ study, only the experimenter knows who is in the control group and who is in the experimental group. | Single-blind Study
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| Double-blind studies control for: | The placebo effect and the experimenter effect
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| Dr. Silver conducted a study in which she tests infants for memory ability. Before she can begin her study, she must obtain: | Informed consent from the parents
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| Several years ago two scientists announced that they had achieved "cold fusion" in the laboratory, but further studies failed to replicate their findings and later they found that the original scientists had used sloppy methods. This highlights what criti | All evidence is not equal in quality
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| Which pseudopsychology claims to understand personality through a study of positions of heavenly bodies? | Astrology
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| Double-blind studies control for: | The placebo effect and the experimenter effect
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| Dr. Silver conducted a study in which she tests infants for memory ability. Before she can begin her study, she must obtain: | Informed consent from the parents
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| Several years ago two scientists announced that they had achieved "cold fusion" in the laboratory, but further studies failed to replicate their findings and later they found that the original scientists had used sloppy methods. This highlights what criti | All evidence is not equal in quality
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| Which pseudopsychology claims to understand personality through a study of positions of heavenly bodies? | Astrology
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