Terms for chapter 4
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| STM | Scanning tunneling microscope allows us to see atoms
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| Democritus | Coined term Atomos and believed in what would become the particle theory of matter
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| Particle Theory of Matter | Particles cannot be divided infinitely without losing their properties.
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| Continuous Theory of matter | States that matter could be divided without end without changing the matter's properties.
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| Aristotle | Believed in what became the continuous theory of matter.
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| Law of Definite Composition | Every compound is formed of elements combined in specific ratios
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| Dalton's Model | Uniformly dense sphere
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| Thompson's Model | plum pudding model
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| plum pudding model | Contains electrons in a sea of positive goo.
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| Thompson discovered electrons because these bent towards positively charged plate in a discharge tube. | cathode rays
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| Rutherford discovered the nucleus because of this. | Gold foil experiment
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| Rutherford sent these through the gold foil. | alpha particles
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| Atomic number is | number of protons in an atom
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| Alpha particles are this. | Helium nuclei - 2 protons, 2 neutrons
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| Chadwick discovered these. | Neutrons
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| These have a positive charge in an atom. | protons
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| These have a negative charge in an atom. | electrons
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| These have no charge in an atom. | neutrons
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| These are the least massive particles in an atom. | electrons
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| These are the most massive in an atom. | neutrons
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| The analysis of light emitted or absorbed by matter. | Spectroscopy
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| He developed the idea of principle energy levels. | Niels Bohr
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| Niels Bohr model of the atom | planetary model
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| When all electrons are at the lowest energy level in an atom. | ground state
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| Released quantities of energy from an atom are called | photons
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| photons | massless light particles
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| De Broglie said electrons act like | waves and particles
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| Describe the path of electrons and are like probability clouds | orbitals
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| It is impossible to know both the energy and the position of an electron at the same time is called the | Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
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| This model has orbitals | quantum model
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| Levels in which electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom | principle energy levels
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| No two electrons in an atom can have the same 4 quantum numbers | Pauli Exclusion Principle
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| These are determined by the energy of electrons in the ground state. | Quantum Numbers
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| The S sublevel has how many orbitals | 1
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| The P sublevel has how many orbitals | 3
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| The D sublevel has how many oribitals | 5
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| The F sublevel has how many orbitals | 7
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| The s sublevel can hold how many electrons total | 2
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| The P sublevel can hold how many electrons total | 6
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| The D sublevel can hold how many electrons total | 10
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| The F sublevel can hold how many electrons total | 14
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| As the energy of an electron increases the distance from the nucleus | increases
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| The greater the sublevel the greater the ____ of the electron | energy
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| Arrangement of electrons in atoms is determined by adding electrons to an atom with a lower atomic number. Lower energy levels are filled first. | Aufbau Principle
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| As electrons fill a sublevel,all orbitals receive one electron with the same spin before they begin to pair up | Hund's Rule
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| Protons + Neutrons | Mass number
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| Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons | isotopes
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| 1 atomic mass unit (amu) = 1/12th the mass of | carbon
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| The outer most electrons in the atom | valence electrons
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| Atoms that have gained or lost electrons | ions
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| Positive ions | Cations
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| negative ions | anions
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| Cations have ___ protons than electrons | more
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| Anions have ____ protons than electrons | fewer
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