chapter 2
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| Absorbed dose | The Amount of energy deposited in any form of matter (such as teeth soft tissues, treatment chair and soon) . The unit of measuring are gray (Gy) and the rad (radiation Absorbed dose)
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| Back round radiation | Consists of Cosmic rays from Outer space, naturally Occurring radiation from the earth And radiation from radio active materials. Ionizing radiation that is always present in our environment
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| Characterstic radiation | A Form of radiation Originating from an atom Following removal of an electron or excitation of the Atom. the Wavelength Of the emitted radiation is Specific for the element and the Particular energy levels involved
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| Coherent Scattering | when a low energy X-ray passes near an atoms outer electron it may be Scattered without loss of energy accounts for About 8% of the Interactions of matter with the dental x-ray beam
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| Compton Effect (scattering) | An attenuation (absorption) process for x and gamma radiation in which a proton interacts with an orbital electron or an atom to form a displaced electron and a scatter proton (x-ray) of reduced energy
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| Decay | the radioactive disintegration g, the nucleus of an Unstable atom by the emission of particles, protons of energy Or both
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| Dose | the Amount of absorbed radiation in grays or rads at any given point, Dose may refer to absorbed dose, depth of the dose, entrance dose, or Surface dose.
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| Dose equivalent | compares the biological effects of various types of radiation. product of the absorbed dose time a biological effect qualifying factor
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