Chapter 1 Vocabulary
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| understanding human behavior by placing it within its broader social context | sociological perspective
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| people who share a culture and a territory | society
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| the group memberships that people have because of their location in history and society | social location
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| the application of systematic methods to obtain knowledge and the knowledge obtained by those methods | science
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| the intellectual and academic disciplines designed to explain and predict events in our natural environments | natural sciences
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| the intellectual and academic disciplines designed to understand the social world objectively by means of controlled and repeated observations | social sciences
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| a statement that goes beyond the individual case and is applied to a broader group or situation | generalization
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| recurring characteristics or events | patterns
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| those things that "everyone knows" are true | common sense
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| using objective, systematic observations to test theories | the scientific method
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| the application of the scientific approach to the social world | positivism
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| the scientific study of society and human behavior | sociology
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| Marx's term for the struggle between capitalists and workers | class conflict
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| Marx's term for capitalists, those who own the means of production | bourgeoisie
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| Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production | proletariat
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| the degree to which members of a group or society feel united by shared values and other social bonds; also known as social cohesion | social integration
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| the view that a sociologist's personal values or biases should not influence social research | value free
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| the standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly | values
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| total neutrality | objectivity
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| repeating a study in order to test its findings | replication
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| a German word used by Weber that is perhaps best understood as "to have insight into someone's situation" | Verstehen
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| the meanings that people give their own behavior | subjective meanings
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| Durkheim's term for a group's patterns of behavior | social facts
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| sociological research whose purpose is to make discoveries about life in human groups, not to make changes in those groups | basic or pure sociology
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| the use of sociology to solve problems- from the micro level of family relationships to the macro level of crime and pollution | applied sociology
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| a general statement about how some parts of the world fit together and how they work; an explanation of how two or more facts are related to one another | theory
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| a theoretical perspective in which society is viewed as composed of symbols the people use to establish meaning, develop their views of the world, and communicate with one another | symbolic interactionism
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| a theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of various parts, each with a function that, when fulfilled, contribute to society's equilibrium; also known as functionalism and structural functionalism | functional analysis
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| a theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of groups that are competing for scarce resources | conflict theory
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| a examination of large-scale patterns of society | macro-level analysis
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| an examination of small-scale patterns of society | micro-level analysis
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| what people do when they are in one another's presence | social interaction
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| communication without words through gestures, use of space, silence, and so on | nonverbal interaction
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| the growing interconnections among nations due to the expansion of capitalism | globalization
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| capitalism (investing to make profits within a rational system) becoming the globes dominant economic system | globalization of capitalism
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| Phase I | 1900-1920 focus: research to improve society (collected data)
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| Phase II | 1920-1941 focus: gathering research and not so much for reform sake
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| Phase III | 1945- present focus: apply research they've gained to affect change
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| discuss the different views of sociology | Analytical standpoint is preferred because it doesn't change society. Social reform fixes problems, however, they could make a situation worse
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| father of sociology | Auguste Comte
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| Herbert Spencer | applied "Social Darwinism" to the study of society bringing survival of the fittest to the society
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| Karl Marx | proposed an idea of class conflict; talked about capitalists being the upper class called the working class called the bourgeoisie; the lower class and they could never move up called the proletariat
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| W.E.B DuBois | one of the first black sociologists; began as just collecting data but after years of frustration because he didn't see any progress he became a social reformer. became the founder of the NAACP
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
laurenpole