Chapter 12
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| The term pathogenic means | disease causing
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| Antibiotics are substances produces by microorganisms that can | inhibit or kill other microorganisms
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| Subtherapeutic doses are those that are | below the level used to treat diseases
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| The mechanisms of action for the sulfonamides include | blocking the biosynthetic pathway of folic acid
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| Tiny genetic parasites that require the host cell to replicate and spread are known as | viruses
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| Cephalosporins are classified in how many generations | 4
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| Protozoa are an example of | parasites
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| Antimicrobial agents tend to destroy microbes, prevent their multiplication or growth, or prevent their | pathogenic action
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| The term bactericidal means | killing microbes
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| The term bacteriostatic means | inhibiting microbial growth
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| Bacteria that have the ability to resist decolorization with alcohol after being treated with Gram's crystal violet stain are known as | gram positive
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| A reaction to a foreign serum is known as | serum sickness
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| Examples of agents with gram negative spectrum are | cephalosporins
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| The range of bacteria against which an agent is effective is known as its | antibacterial spectrum
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| Antibiotics effective against a wide range of organisms are known as | broad spectrum
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| The most common superinfection is | diarrhea
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| Nucleoside analogs are derived from | nucleic acid
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| Patients with weakened immune systems are termed to be | immunocompromised
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| The most common cause of death for people with a chronic or critical illness is | infection
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| Control of infectious disease occurrence depends on breaking the | chain of transmission
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| Antibiotics were discovered in 1928 by | Sir Alexander Fleming
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| The first sulfonamide used with great success in combating pneumonia was | sulfapyridine
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| The original penicillin was | penicillin G
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| First generation cephalosporins have their highest activity against | gram positive bacteria
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| Aminoglycosides are very important for the treatment caused by | gram negative bacilli
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| For patients who are allergic to penicillins, which of the following types of drugs are commonly used instead for infections? | Macrolides
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| Agents that have become a dominant class of antimicrobials since 1990 are known as | fluoroquinolones
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| Agents that may cause discoloration in the developing teeth of children younger than 8 years old are known as | tetracyclines
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| Chloramphenicol should only be used for | very serious infections that cannot be managed by other drugs
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| The best drug for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris appears to be | clindomycin
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