INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY
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| Absorption | The process by which a drug is taken into the body and moves from the site of administration into the blood.
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| Adverse effects | Are undesired, potentially harmful
side effects of drugs. They can include nausea and vomiting, drug toxicity, hypersensitivity, and unusual reactions.
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| Agonist | Are drugs that bind to or have an
attraction for a receptor and cause a particular response.
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| Antagonist | Drugs that bind to a receptor and prevent a response.
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| Bioavailability | Indicates the degree to which the drug molecule reaches the site of action to exert
its effects.
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| Biotechnology | Concepts of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology.
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| Biotransformation | the chemical composition of a drug is changed by a process called metabolism.
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| Bolus | Drugs that are given all at once.
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| Contraindication | Reasons against giving a particular drug
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| Distribution | The process in which drug molecules eventually diffuse out of the blood-stream to the site of action.
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| Duration | The time between onset and disappearance of
drug effects
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| Emulsion | Type of liquid medication form and can be either water in oil or oil in water, depending on the medication’s solubility.
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| Enteral | Indicates that the medication is taken into the gastrointestinal tract, primarily by mouth.
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| Excretion | Medications taken into the body are eliminated in the process
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| Hypersensitivity | An adverse effect resulting from previous exposure to the drug or a similar drug.
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| Idiosyncratic effect | Type of adverse effect that is thought to occur in people with some genetic abnormality, causing either an excessive or an inadequate response to a drug.
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| Indication | The reason or purpose for giving a medication.
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| Local effect | Some topical agents work at the site of application.
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| Onset | The time between administration of a drug and the first appearance of effects
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| Parenteral | Any route other than the digestive tract, the most common of which are subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous.
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| Pharmacodynamics | The study of how drugs exert their effects on the body, at both the molecular and physiological levels.
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| Pharmacokinetics | Focuses on how the body processes drugs.
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| Plasma protein binding | Drug molecules that bind to proteins contained in plasma
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| Reconstituted | Mixed with a liquid
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| Side effect | A predictable but unintended effect of a drug.
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| Solubility | Ability to be dissolved
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| Solution | A mixture of drug particles
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| Suspension | A mixture of drug particles fully dissolved in a liquid medium
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| Synergist | A drug that enhances the effect of another drug
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| Systemic effect | Medications that exert throughout the entire body
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| Topical | Applied to the skin surface or a mucous membrane-lined cavity.
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| Controlled substances | High abuse potential drug
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| Narcotics | Is a controlled substance because they can be addictive and potentially abused
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| DEA | Drug Enforcement Administration
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| FDA | Food and Drug Administration
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| The Joint Commission | The predominant standards-setting organization, and facilities that obtain its accreditation demonstrate their commitment to meeting certain performance standards.
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| OTC | over-the-counter
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| PDR | Physicians’ Desk Reference
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| USP-NF | United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary
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Created by:
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