Animals 2
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| some chordates do not have | gills
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| an animal whose body temperature changes depending on the environment | ectotherm
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| the three major groups of fishes are distinguished from one another by the types of ______ they have | skeletons
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| gills and lungs enable ______ to get into an animal's blood | oxygen
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| amphibian means | double-life
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| most snakes have only one | lung
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| which of the following groups descended from reptiles | mammals and birds
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| unlike most fishes, sharks cannot | pump water over their gills
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| small bones called _______ line up in a row to form the backbone | vertebrae
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| the skeletons of lampreys and hagfishes are made of | cartilage
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| a _________ helps a bony fish stabilize its body at different depths in the water | swimbladder
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| ___________ are reptiles whose bodies are covered by a protective shell | turtles
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| most fishes have _____ fertilization | external
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| a paleontologist is a scientist who studies ____ | fossils
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| during metamorphosis, most salamander larvae lose their _____ | gills
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| an animal in whose bodies are produce internal heat | endotherm
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| _______ and _____ lay their eggs externally in water | fish, amphibians
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| all kinds of birds and all kinds of mammals | are endotherms
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| the difference in _____ above and below a wing causes lift | air pressure
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| birds usually sit on their eggs to | keep the eggs warm
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| all kinds of birds | lay eggs
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| all mammals feed their young with | milk
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| both a mammal's fur and a bird's feathers function to help the animal | keep warm
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| _____ feathers trap air next to a bird's body | down
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| birds can store food in an organ called a _____ before the food goes to the stomach | crop
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| all mammals are | vertebrates
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| _____ feathers help a bird keep its balance during flight | contour
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| the angle and shape of a bird's _____ provide lift | wing
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| what are four characteristics that all birds share? | endothermic, vertebrate, feathers, lay eggs
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| what are three adaptations that enable birds to fly? | hollow bones, contour feathers, wing angle
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| vertebrates with soft, unsegmented bodies that are often protected by a hard outer shell | mollusks
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| an organ in a mollusk that can crawl, dig, or catch prey | foot
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| organs that remove oxygen from the water | gills
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| a system in which the blood is not always inside blood vessels and the heart pumps blood into a short vessel that opens into the body spaces containing the internal organs | open circulatory system
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| mollusks have _____ symmetry | bilateral
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| the three major groups of mollusks are ________, _____, and _____ | gastropods, bivalves, cephalopods
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| the larger group of mollusks including snails and slugs and have a single shell or no shell at all | gastropods
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| animals that eat only plants | herbivores
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| animals that eat only other animals | carnivores
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| mollusks that have two shells held together by hinges and strong muscles that include oysters, clams, scallops, and mussels | bivalves
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| animals that eat both plants and animals | omnivores
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| an ocean-dwelling mollusk whose foot is adapted to form tentacles around its motuh | cephalopod
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| cephalopods are the only mollusks with a _____ circulatory system | closed
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| cephalopods swim by ____ _____ | jet propulsion
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| a tissue that covers internal organs | mantle
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| the major groups of arthropods are _______, ________, _________ and ________, and _________. | crustaceans, arachnids, centipedes, millipedes, insects
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| invertebrates that have an external skeleton, a segmented bdoy, and jointed attachemnts called appendages | arthropods
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| arthros means | joint
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| pod means | leg
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| the process of shedding an outgrown exoskeleton | molting
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| an appendage attached to the head that contains sense organs | antenna
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| the bodies of arthropods are ______ | segmented
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| an arthropod that has two or three body sections, five or more pairs of legs, and two pairs of antennae | crustacean
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| _____ includes crayfish and lobster | crustaceans
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| a process in which an animal's body undergoes dramatic changes in form during its life cycle | metamorphosis
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| _______ and _______ are arthropods with two body sections and many pairs of legs | centipedes, millipedes
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| millipede means | thousand feet
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| centipede means | hundred feet
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| arthropods with three body sections, six legs, one pair of antennae, and usually one or two pairs of wings | insects
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| the midsection to which wings and legs are attached | thorax
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| a process with four diferent stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult | complete metamorphosis
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| wings, legs, and antennae form inside a protective covering | pupa
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| a system has no distinct larval stage | gradual metamorphosis
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| an egg hatches into a stage which usually looks like the adult insect without wings | nymph
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| at some point _______ will have a notochord | chordates
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| a nerve cord that runs down their back, and slits their throat area | notochord
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| a felxible rod that supports a chordate's back | notochord
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| a ______ has a backbone that is part of an internal skeleton | vertebrate
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| many similar bones that the backbone is formed by | vertebrae
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| the body temperature of most fishes, amphibians, and reptiles is ____ to the temperature of their environment. birds and mammals have a _____ body temperatue that is often warmer than their environment | close, stable
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| a vertebrate that lives in water and uses fins to move | fish
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| most fishes are _______, obtain oxygen through gills, and have scales | ectotherms
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| most fishes have _____ fertilization | external
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| three major groups of fishes are ____ fishes, _________ fishes, and ____ fishes | jawless, cartilaginous, bony
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| a vertebrate that is ectothermic and spends its early life in water | amphibian
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| amphibian means | double life
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| after beginning their lives in ____, most amphibians spend their adulthood on ____, returning to ____ to reproduce | water, land, water
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| the larva of a frog or a toad | tadpole
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| organs of air-breathing vertebrates in which oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas are exchanged betwen the air and the blood | lungs
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| chambers of the heart | atria
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| the specific environment in which it lives | habitat
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| lay eggs on land | reptiles
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| an ectothermic vertebrate that has lungs and scaly skin | reptile
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| organs that filter wastes from the blood | kidneys
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| watery fluid in which waste is excreted | urine
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| an egg with a shell and internal membranes that keep the embryo moist | amniotic egg
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| reptiles have ____ fertilization | internal
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| both lizards and snakes are reptiles that have skin covered with ______ scales | overlapping
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| a reptile whose body is covered by a protective shell that includes the ribs and the backbone | turtle
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| unlike most other reptiles, crocodiles and alligators ____ for their eggs and newly hatched young | care
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| the hardened remians or other evidence of a living thing that exxisted a long time ago | fossil
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| the scientists who study extinct organisms, esamine fossil structure and make comparisons to present-day organisms | paleontologists
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| vertebrates are a subrgroup of | chordates
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| a fish | has fins
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| a tadpole is the larva of a | frog or toad
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| a reptile | lays eggs
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| layers of clay, sand mud, or silt harden and become | sedimentary rock
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| a bony fish uses its _____ to stsabilize its position in the water | swim bladder
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| _______ obtain oxygen through gills and have scales | fishes
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| an _______ is a characteristic of reptiles | amniotic egg
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| ________ are scientists who study fossils | paleontologists
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| how do fishes reproduce | externally
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