Chapters 1-2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| derivitive | made by attatching new atoms to the molecule
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| Dr. Roy Plunkett | young scientist who discovered reflon by serendipity
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| Daniel Farenheit | created a scale that said water froze at 32 degrees and body temp was 96 degrees (revised to 98.6
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| Andreas Celcius | created a thermometer- used liquid mercury in a glass tube. Had 0= boiling point and 100= freezing point (later the two were switched)
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| state of matter | whether a substance is a solid liquid or gas
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| kinetic-molecular theory | says that all matter consists of extremely tiny particles (atoms, molecules, or ions), which are in constant motion
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| kinetic energy | energy of motion
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| periodic table | a table in which symbols and other info for elements are contained in boxes
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| chemical bond | an interaction between 2 or more atoms that holds them togeter by reducing the potential energy of their electrons
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| chemical compound | a pure substance that is composed of 2 or more different elements held together by a chemical bond
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| physial properties | properties which can be observed and masured without changing the compostion of the substance
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| density | the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume, which is a physical property useful for identifying substances
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| extensive properties | depends on the amount of a substance present (exp: mass and volume)
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| intensive properties | do not depend on the amount of a substance present (exp: melting point, density)
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| physical changes | changes in physical properties in which the identity of the substance is perserved even though the appearence has changed
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| chemical change | reaction in whihc one or more substances (reactants) are transformed into one or more different substances (the products)
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| chemical equation | representation of the chhange with chemical formulas
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| metric system | the standard system for recording and reporting measurements
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| SI (International System of Units) | a decimal system used internationally in science
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| absolute zero | on the kelvin scale, the lowest temperature that can be achieved
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| precision | consistency
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| accuracy | exact
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| mass | the fundamental measure of the quantity of matter
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| subatomic particles | 3 things that make up all atoms
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| radioactivity | the phenomenon that says atoms of certain substances emit unusual waves when they disinegrate
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| canal rays | positvely charged particles which move in oppoite direction to cathode rays and pass through hole in the cathode and were detected on opposite sides
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| nucleus | tiny core of an atom in which the protons and neutrons are located
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| atomic number (z) | number of protons in nucleus of atom that is unique for each element
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| atomic mass unit (u) | the way masses of fundamental atomic particles are often expressed
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| mass # (A) | the sum of the # of protons and neutrons in an atom
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| isotopes | atoms with the same atomic # but different mass #
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| percent abundance | the amount of a substance on earth
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| ion | atom with a charge (different number of electrons)
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| mole | 6.02 x 10 ^-23
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| Dalton | came up with an atomic theory. thought that an atom was a uniformly dense sphere in 1800s
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| Crookes | 1870s-> cathode ray tube-> magnet deflected the beam (wasn't sure if it was particles or light) but since it reflected, CONCLUDED IT WAS A BEAM OF PARTICLES
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| Thomson | 1890s-> Picked up Crooke's work and concluded PARTICLES ARE NEGATIVELY CHARGED because they deflect towards positive magnet-> called them electrons MADE PLUM PUDDING MODEL
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| Rutherford | 1911-> gold foil experiment-> concluded MOST OF THE ATOM IS EMPTY SPACE. ALL OF THE POSITIVE CHARGE AND MOST OF THE MASS IS LOCATED IN A DENSE CENTER->nucleus
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| metalloids | have some properties of metals but aren't metals
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| Alkali metals | group 1A
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| alkaline earth metals | group 2A
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| halogens | group 7A
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| noble gases | group 8A
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| chemistry | a study of matter and what it is made of
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| proton | the number of these particles determines the where an element is on theperiodic table
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| hypothesis | educated guess
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| atom | the smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of of that element
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| molecule | substance formed when 2 or more atoms share electrons
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| law | a proven fact
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| theory | explanation based on a hypothesis that has been verified many times
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| heterogeneous | mixture in which the parts are still visible and are not evenly dispersed
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| homogeneous | a solution tat has solute evenly distributed throughout
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| particulate | another word for subatomic
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| macroscopic | looking at the big picture
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| symbolic | using shorter notation to represent something
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| qualitative | odor, color, texture, shape
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| electron | particle found in orbitals around the nucleus of an atom
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| quantitative | numerical data
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| neutron | a subatomic particle that has no charge
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| everything is made of this | matter
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elze126
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