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Chemistry
Chapters 1-2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| derivitive | made by attatching new atoms to the molecule |
| Dr. Roy Plunkett | young scientist who discovered reflon by serendipity |
| Daniel Farenheit | created a scale that said water froze at 32 degrees and body temp was 96 degrees (revised to 98.6 |
| Andreas Celcius | created a thermometer- used liquid mercury in a glass tube. Had 0= boiling point and 100= freezing point (later the two were switched) |
| state of matter | whether a substance is a solid liquid or gas |
| kinetic-molecular theory | says that all matter consists of extremely tiny particles (atoms, molecules, or ions), which are in constant motion |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion |
| periodic table | a table in which symbols and other info for elements are contained in boxes |
| chemical bond | an interaction between 2 or more atoms that holds them togeter by reducing the potential energy of their electrons |
| chemical compound | a pure substance that is composed of 2 or more different elements held together by a chemical bond |
| physial properties | properties which can be observed and masured without changing the compostion of the substance |
| density | the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume, which is a physical property useful for identifying substances |
| extensive properties | depends on the amount of a substance present (exp: mass and volume) |
| intensive properties | do not depend on the amount of a substance present (exp: melting point, density) |
| physical changes | changes in physical properties in which the identity of the substance is perserved even though the appearence has changed |
| chemical change | reaction in whihc one or more substances (reactants) are transformed into one or more different substances (the products) |
| chemical equation | representation of the chhange with chemical formulas |
| metric system | the standard system for recording and reporting measurements |
| SI (International System of Units) | a decimal system used internationally in science |
| absolute zero | on the kelvin scale, the lowest temperature that can be achieved |
| precision | consistency |
| accuracy | exact |
| mass | the fundamental measure of the quantity of matter |
| subatomic particles | 3 things that make up all atoms |
| radioactivity | the phenomenon that says atoms of certain substances emit unusual waves when they disinegrate |
| canal rays | positvely charged particles which move in oppoite direction to cathode rays and pass through hole in the cathode and were detected on opposite sides |
| nucleus | tiny core of an atom in which the protons and neutrons are located |
| atomic number (z) | number of protons in nucleus of atom that is unique for each element |
| atomic mass unit (u) | the way masses of fundamental atomic particles are often expressed |
| mass # (A) | the sum of the # of protons and neutrons in an atom |
| isotopes | atoms with the same atomic # but different mass # |
| percent abundance | the amount of a substance on earth |
| ion | atom with a charge (different number of electrons) |
| mole | 6.02 x 10 ^-23 |
| Dalton | came up with an atomic theory. thought that an atom was a uniformly dense sphere in 1800s |
| Crookes | 1870s-> cathode ray tube-> magnet deflected the beam (wasn't sure if it was particles or light) but since it reflected, CONCLUDED IT WAS A BEAM OF PARTICLES |
| Thomson | 1890s-> Picked up Crooke's work and concluded PARTICLES ARE NEGATIVELY CHARGED because they deflect towards positive magnet-> called them electrons MADE PLUM PUDDING MODEL |
| Rutherford | 1911-> gold foil experiment-> concluded MOST OF THE ATOM IS EMPTY SPACE. ALL OF THE POSITIVE CHARGE AND MOST OF THE MASS IS LOCATED IN A DENSE CENTER->nucleus |
| metalloids | have some properties of metals but aren't metals |
| Alkali metals | group 1A |
| alkaline earth metals | group 2A |
| halogens | group 7A |
| noble gases | group 8A |
| chemistry | a study of matter and what it is made of |
| proton | the number of these particles determines the where an element is on theperiodic table |
| hypothesis | educated guess |
| atom | the smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of of that element |
| molecule | substance formed when 2 or more atoms share electrons |
| law | a proven fact |
| theory | explanation based on a hypothesis that has been verified many times |
| heterogeneous | mixture in which the parts are still visible and are not evenly dispersed |
| homogeneous | a solution tat has solute evenly distributed throughout |
| particulate | another word for subatomic |
| macroscopic | looking at the big picture |
| symbolic | using shorter notation to represent something |
| qualitative | odor, color, texture, shape |
| electron | particle found in orbitals around the nucleus of an atom |
| quantitative | numerical data |
| neutron | a subatomic particle that has no charge |
| everything is made of this | matter |
Created by:
elze126
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