Chemistry Chap 4.1 - 4.2
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| Dalton's Theory #1 | All elements are composed of tiny INDIVISIBLE particles called atoms.
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| What are the three types of subatomic partics? | protons, neutrons, electrons
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| Which subatomic particle has a negative charge? positive charge? neutral? | protons= positive, electron= negative, neutrons= neutral
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| Which subatomic particles are found in the nucleus? | protons and neutrons.
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| an atom | the smallest particle of an element that retains its idenity in a chemical reaction.
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| electrons | negatively charged subatomic particles.
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| Dalton's Theory #2 | Atoms of the same element are IDENTICAL. Atoms of an element are DIFFERENT from atoms of any other element.
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| Dalton's Theory #3 | Atom's of different elements can phyically mix and chemically combine in WHOLE-NUMBER RATIOS to form compounds.
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| scanning tunneling microscope | instrument used to observe individual atoms
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| Democritus | Greek philosopher who believed that matter was made of atoms, which were indivisible and indestructible.
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| J.J. Thomson | Discovered the electron in experiments with cathode rays.
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| Who discovered that electrons were negatively charged? How did he learn this? | J.J. Thomson. He found that negatively charged plates would repel a cathode ray.
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| cathode ray | glowing beam of electrons
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| Robert A. Millikan | Measured the quantity of charge of an electron and its mass.
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| mass of an electron | 1/1840 of the mass of a hydrogen atom
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| Eugen Goldstein | Discovered protons
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| James Chadwick | Discovered neutrons
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| Ernest Rutherford | Discovered the nucleus during gold-foil experiments.
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| Rutherford's model of the atom | An atom is mostly empty space, with a dense nucleus with electrons moving around it.
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| Whose model of the atom is known as the plum-pudding model? | Rutherford's
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| dalton's #4 | chemical reactions occur when atoms are SEPARATED, JOINED, OR REARRANGED. Elements are never changed into another element in a chemical reaction.
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