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Chemistry
Chemistry Chap 4.1 - 4.2
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Dalton's Theory #1 | All elements are composed of tiny INDIVISIBLE particles called atoms. |
What are the three types of subatomic partics? | protons, neutrons, electrons |
Which subatomic particle has a negative charge? positive charge? neutral? | protons= positive, electron= negative, neutrons= neutral |
Which subatomic particles are found in the nucleus? | protons and neutrons. |
an atom | the smallest particle of an element that retains its idenity in a chemical reaction. |
electrons | negatively charged subatomic particles. |
Dalton's Theory #2 | Atoms of the same element are IDENTICAL. Atoms of an element are DIFFERENT from atoms of any other element. |
Dalton's Theory #3 | Atom's of different elements can phyically mix and chemically combine in WHOLE-NUMBER RATIOS to form compounds. |
scanning tunneling microscope | instrument used to observe individual atoms |
Democritus | Greek philosopher who believed that matter was made of atoms, which were indivisible and indestructible. |
J.J. Thomson | Discovered the electron in experiments with cathode rays. |
Who discovered that electrons were negatively charged? How did he learn this? | J.J. Thomson. He found that negatively charged plates would repel a cathode ray. |
cathode ray | glowing beam of electrons |
Robert A. Millikan | Measured the quantity of charge of an electron and its mass. |
mass of an electron | 1/1840 of the mass of a hydrogen atom |
Eugen Goldstein | Discovered protons |
James Chadwick | Discovered neutrons |
Ernest Rutherford | Discovered the nucleus during gold-foil experiments. |
Rutherford's model of the atom | An atom is mostly empty space, with a dense nucleus with electrons moving around it. |
Whose model of the atom is known as the plum-pudding model? | Rutherford's |
dalton's #4 | chemical reactions occur when atoms are SEPARATED, JOINED, OR REARRANGED. Elements are never changed into another element in a chemical reaction. |