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CH 5, 6, 7, & 8

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
Raw score   show
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show A standardized score with a sign that indicates direction from the mean (+ above µ and – below µ), and a numerical value equal to the distance from the mean measured in standard deviation.  
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show A transformation that changes raw scores (X values) into z-scores.  
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Standard score   show
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Standardized distribution   show
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Z=   show
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ZO =   show
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show µ+ZO  
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Probability   show
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Proportion   show
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show A sample obtained using a process that gives every individual an equal chance of being selected constant over a series of selections  
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show A sampling technique that returns the current selection to the population before the next selection is made. A required part of random sampling.  
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show Two events are independent if the occurrence of either one has no effect on the probability that the other will occur.  
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show A symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution with proportions corresponding to those listed in the unit normal table.  
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Unit normal table   show
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show A score that is identified by the percentage of the distribution that falls below a specific score.  
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Percentile rank   show
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show the distribution of probabilities, for each possible outcome, for a series of observations of a dichotomous variable.  
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show Number of ways event A can occur / Total number of possible outcomes  
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show X – pn / √npq  
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µ =   show
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show √npq  
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Distribution of sample means   show
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Sampling distribution   show
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Expected value of M   show
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show The standard deviation of the distribution of sample means. The standard distance between a sample mean and the population mean.  
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show A mathematical theorem that specifies the characteristics of the distribution of sample means.  
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show O/√n or √((O^2)/n)  
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Z =   show
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Hypothesis testing   show
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show The null hypothesis states that there is no effect, no difference, or no relationship.  
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show The alternative hypothesis states that there is an effect, there is a difference, or there is a relationship.  
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show A type I error is rejecting a true null hypothesis. You have concluded that a treatment does have an effect when actually it does not.  
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show A type II error is failing to reject a false null hypothesis. The test fails to detect a real treatment effect.  
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show Alpha is a probability value that defines the very unlikely outcomes if the mull hypothesis is true. Alpha also is the probability of committing a Type I error.  
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Level of significance   show
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Critical region   show
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Test statistic   show
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Beta (ß)   show
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Directional (one-tailed) test   show
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Effect size   show
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Power   show
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(Type I Error) p   show
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show ß  
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show Mean difference / Standard Deviation = M -µ / O  
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