CH 5, 6, 7, & 8
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | An original, untransformed observation or measurement.
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| show | A standardized score with a sign that indicates direction from the mean (+ above µ and – below µ), and a numerical value equal to the distance from the mean measured in standard deviation.
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| show | A transformation that changes raw scores (X values) into z-scores.
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| show | A score that has been transformed into a standard from.
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| show | An entire distribution that has been transformed to create predetermined values for µ and Theta
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| Z= | show 🗑
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| ZO = | show 🗑
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| X = | show 🗑
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| Probability | show 🗑
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| show | A part of the whole usually expressed as a fraction
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| Random sample | show 🗑
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| Sampling with replacement | show 🗑
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| Independent events | show 🗑
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| show | A symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution with proportions corresponding to those listed in the unit normal table.
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| Unit normal table | show 🗑
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| Percentile | show 🗑
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| show | The percentage of a distribution that falls below a specific score.
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| show | the distribution of probabilities, for each possible outcome, for a series of observations of a dichotomous variable.
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| (A)p = | show 🗑
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| show | X – pn / √npq
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| show | pn
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| show | √npq
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| show | The set of sample means from all the possible random samples for a specific sample size (n) from a specific population
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| Sampling distribution | show 🗑
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| Expected value of M | show 🗑
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| Standard error of M | show 🗑
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| show | A mathematical theorem that specifies the characteristics of the distribution of sample means.
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| Om= | show 🗑
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| Z = | show 🗑
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| show | A statistical procedure that uses data from a sample to test a hypothesis about a population
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| show | The null hypothesis states that there is no effect, no difference, or no relationship.
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| show | The alternative hypothesis states that there is an effect, there is a difference, or there is a relationship.
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| show | A type I error is rejecting a true null hypothesis. You have concluded that a treatment does have an effect when actually it does not.
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| show | A type II error is failing to reject a false null hypothesis. The test fails to detect a real treatment effect.
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| show | Alpha is a probability value that defines the very unlikely outcomes if the mull hypothesis is true. Alpha also is the probability of committing a Type I error.
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| show | The level of significance is the alpha level, which measures the probability of a Type I error.
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| show | The critical region consists of outcomes that are very unlikely to be obtained if the null hypothesis is true. The term very unlikely is defined by (alpha) a.
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| Test statistic | show 🗑
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| Beta (ß) | show 🗑
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| show | A directional test is a hypothesis test that includes a directional prediction in the statement of the hypotheses and place the critical region entirely in one tail of the distribution.
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| Effect size | show 🗑
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| Power | show 🗑
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| show | a
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| Type II Error) p | show 🗑
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| Cohen’s d | show 🗑
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