Ch. 15, 20, 12, 17, 14, 19, 24, 21, 22, 23
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| A person's overall emotional status | Mood
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| Fluctuations in mood occurring for a sustained period of time are suggestive of an __________ _________ | Affective Disorder
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| The affective disorders include: major _______ disorder, _________ disorder, ______ disorder (types I & II), ________ disorder, and ______ ______ disorder | major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, bipolar disorder (types I & II), cyclothymic disorder, & seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
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| __________ (black bile): sad or dark moods noted in patients with depression | Melancholia
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| ________: mental disturbances such as elevated mood, grandiosity, difficulty with attention span, and sometimes psychosis in some patients | Mania
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| Neurotransmitter ____________: Muscle control, memory formation, sensory response; located in neuromuscular junctions & CNS | Acetylcholine
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| Neurotransmitter ____________: Mood regulation, appetite, sleep, muscle control; located in gut & CNS | Serotonin
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| Neurotransmitter ___________: Reward pathways, cognition, voluntary motion; located in hypothalamus | Dopamine
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| Neurotransmitter ____________: Fight or flight response; produced from adrenal glands (on the kidneys) | Norepinephrine
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| Neurotransmitter ____________: Precursor to dopamine; located in hypothalamus | L-DOPA
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| Neurotransmitter __________: Precursor to Serotonin; is an essential amino acid; located in the blood | Tryptophan
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| Neurotransmitter ___________: Inhibits CNS; located in the brain | GABA
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| Neurotransmitter __________: Inhibits signals; located in the spinal cord & brainstem | Glycine
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| Neurotransmitter __________: Blood Pressure regulation; located in the CNS & kidneys | Tyramine
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| Neurotransmitter ___________: Long-term potentiation, memory; located in CNS & PNS | Glutamate
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| S&S of _______ ________ Disorder: significant weight loss, hypersomnia/insomnia, psychomotor agitation or slowness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, indecisiveness, recurrent thoughts of death | Major Depressive Disorder
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| _________ Disorder is a milder form of depression. It involves depressive symptoms that are chronic & must be present for at least 2 yrs for adults or 1 yr for adolescents | Dysthymic
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| Major Depressive Disorder: must include depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure for at least _______ in conjunction with at least 4 other symptoms | 2 weeks
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| Bipolar type ____ Disorder: occurrence of one or more manic episodes or mixed episodes (mania & major depression), and often one or more major depressive episodes | Bipolar type I
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| Bipolar type ____ Disorder: re-occurring major depressive episode either currently or in the past, and at least one hypomanic episode | Bipolar type II
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| __________ Disorder: chronic fluctutations of mood from numerous periods of both depressive symptoms and hypomania | Cyclothymic Disorder
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| A diagnosis of _______ disorder is not made unless the patient has been free of major depression, manic, or mixed episodes for at least 2 years | Cyclothymic disorder
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| ________ is considered a behavior and NOT a disorder | Suicide
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| __________ is frequently the underlying theme involved with suicide | Ambivalence
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| _____________: conflicting or opposing ideas, attitudes, or emotions | Ambivalence
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| Learned Helplessness theory by __________: dealing with dogs and avoidable shock | Seligman
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| Cognitive theory by _______: based on the premise that negative and faulty thoughts lead to negative feelings and behaviors | Beck
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| Psychoanalytical theory by ________: Melancholia developed after loss of an identified love object leaving person feeling ambivalent; and anger turned inward can lead to depression | Freud
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| Neurotransmitters such as _________, ________, and ____________ have been identified as playing a role in affective disorders | serotonin, dopamine, & norepinephrine
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| SSRI's interact w/ numerous meds placing the pt at risk for serotonin intoxication or ________ ________ due to an overactivity of serotonin or disruption in the neurotransmitter's metabolism (This is life-threatening and SSRI must be DC'd!) | Serotonin Syndrome
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| ________ _________ often cause sedation, orthostatic hypotension, & anticholinergic effects such as dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention | Tricyclic Antidepressants
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| ________ are associated with sedation, nausea, & sexual dysfunction including decreased libido and erectile dysfunction | SSRI's
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| Pt taking _____ is at risk for developing a hypertensive crisis if he/she ingests foods that are high in the dietary amine tyramine or takes meds whose action mimics the Sympathetic Nervous System, such as Albuterol or Amphetamines | MAOI's
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| Mood stabilizers including lithium and anticonvulsants are commonly prescribed for patients with _________ disorders | bipolar
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| Lithium is considered the gold-standard for treatment of bipolar disorder. Therapeutic drug levels range from _____-____ mEq/L. | 0.5 - 1.2 mEq/L
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| ________ ___________: [Affective DO's] - amitriptyline (Elavil) - amoxapine (Asendin) - doxepin (Sinequan) - imipramine (Tofranil) | Tricyclic Antidepressants
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| ____________: [Affective DO's] - fluoxetine (Prozac) - paroxetine (Paxil) - sertraline (Zoloft) - citalopram (Celexa) - escitalopram (Lexapro) | 2nd gen Antipsychotics
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| _______: [Affective DO's] - desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) - duloxetine (Cymbalta) - venlafaxine (Effexor) | SNRI's (Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors)
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| _______: [Affective DO's] - trazadone (Desyrel) - nefazodone (Serzone) | SARI's (Selective Reuptake Inhibitors)
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| ______ _______ _________: [Affective DO's] - buropion (Wellbutrin) - mirtazapine (Remeron) | Selective Atypical Antidepressants
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| _______: [Affective DO's] - tranylcypromine (Parnate) - phenelzine sulfate (Nardil) - isocarboxazid (Marplan) | MAOI's (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)
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| ________ ________: [Affective DO's] - lithium carbonate (Lithobid, Lithonate) - carbamazepine (Tegretol) - divalproex sodium (Depakote) - lamotrigine (Lamictal) | Mood Stabilizers
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| Foods high in ___________: -aged cheeses -aged meats -tofu -sour cream -yogurt -soy sauce/soybean condiments -overripe fruit; ripe avocados or figs | Tyramine
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| S&S of Lithium toxicity: ___-___ mEq/L -blurred vision -ataxia -tinnitus -persistent N&V -severe diarrhea | 1.5 - 2.0 mEq/L
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| S&S of Lithium toxicity: ___-___ mEq/L -excessive dilute urine output -increasing tremors -muscle irritability -psychomotor retardation -mental confusion | 2.0 - 3.5 mEq/L
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| S&S of Lithium toxicity: > ____ mEq/L -impaired LOC -nystagmus -seizures -coma -oliguria/anuria -arrhythmias -cardiovascular collapse | > 3.5 mEq/L
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| Lithium level must be obtained _______ after the last dose has been taken | 12 hours
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| For the patient taking _______, he/she needs instruction about maintaining an adequate salt and fluid intake as well as frequent monitoring of blood levels | Lithium
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| ______________ _______ (____) is proven to work extremely well for patients with major depression; or just patients who have not responded to medications & other treatment modalities | Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
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| ______ _____ _______ (____) is a form of psychotherapy or "talk therapy" which has been used successfully in depression | Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
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| _______ ______ Disorders: inability to control or inhibit acting on impulses that might be harmful to self or others | Impulse Control Disorders
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| Impulse Control Disorders: - Pathological gambling - Kleptomania (stealing) - Pyromania (fire-setting) - Intermittent explosive disorder (anger) - Trichotillomania (pull out own hair) |
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| A decrease in _________ has been linked to disorders characterized by poor control or impulse control issues | serotonin
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| The ______ ________ follows a predictable pattern: increase in stress followed by an increase in arousal, which leads to the act & subsequent experience of pleasure, gratification, release of tension, followed by feelings of guilt & regret | impulse response
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| Pharmacological treatment for impulse control disorders: -SSRI's -SNRI's -Mood Stabilizers -2nd gen antipsychotics |
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| Suicide Assessment Mnemonic: ____ ______ ______ | IS PATH WARM
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| Suicide Assessment Mnemonic (IS PATH WARM) -Ideation (I) -Substance Abuse(S) -Purposelessness(P) -Anxiety (A) -Trapped (T) -Hopelessness (H) -Withdrawal (W) -Anger (A) -Recklessness (R) -Mood change (M) |
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| _________ refers to who a person is and how that person behaves. It influences an individual's thoughts, feelings, attitudes, values, motivations, and behaviors. | Personality
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| ________ ________: long-term maladaptive way of thinking and behaving that is ingrained and inflexible | Personality Disorder
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| Cluster ___ Personality Disorders: - Paranoid - Schizoid - Schizotypal | Cluster A
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| Cluster ___ Personality Disorders: - Antisocial - Borderline - Histrionic - Narcissistic | Cluster B
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| Cluster ___ Personality Disorders: - Avoidant - Dependent - Obsessive-Compulsive | Cluster C
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| A personality disorder occurs when personality ______ become maladaptive, rigid, and persistent such that the person experiences distress or impaired functioning | traits
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| Diagnostic Criteria: Cluster ___ Personality Disorders include individuals that appear odd or eccentric | Cluster A
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| Diagnostic Criteria: Cluster ___ Personality Disorders include individuals that appear dramatic, emotional, or erratic | Cluster B
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| Diagnostic Criteria: Cluster ___ Personality Disorders include individuals that appear anxious or fearful | Cluster C
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| Cluster A Disorder #1 ________ Personality Disorder: -Suspicions of others -Preoccupation w/ unjustified doubts of others' loyalty -Reluctance to confide in others -Reading of hidden demeaning -Grudges -Perception of attack on character | Paranoid Personality Disorder (A-1)
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| Cluster A Disorder #2 ________ Personality Disorder: -Lack of desire for close relationships -Solitary activities -Little/No interest in sexual/pleasure activities -Indifference to praise/criticism -Emotional coldness, detachment, flattened affect | Schizoid Personality Disorder (A-2)
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| Cluster A Disorder #3 ________ Personality Disorder: -Ideas of reference -Magical thinking -Odd thinking/beliefs -Suspiciousness or paranoia -Inappropriate affect -Odd, eccentric behavior -Excessive social anxiety -Unusual perceptual experiences | Schizotypal Personality Disorder (A-3)
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| Cluster B Disorder #1 ________ Personality Disorder: -Unlawful behaviors -Deceitfulness through lying, aliases -Impulsivity -Irritability & aggressiveness -Reckless disregard for safety (self & others) -Consistent irresponsibility -Lack of remorse | Antisocial Personality Disorder (B-1)
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| Cluster B Disorder #2 ________ Personality Disorder: -Frantic efforts to avoid real/imagined abandonment -Alternating extremes of idealization -Identity disturbance -Impulsivity leading to potential self-damage -Affective instability | Borderline Personality Disorder (B-2)
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| Cluster B Disorder #3 ________ Personality Disorder: -Discomfort when not center of attention -Inappropriate sexually seductive behavior -Rapidly shifting/shallow expression -Self-dramatization -Excessively impressionistic speech that lacks detail | Histrionic Personality Disorder (B-3)
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| Cluster B Disorder #4 ________ Personality Disorder: -Grandiose; self- importance -Preoccupation w/ fantasies of unlimited success -Need for excessive admiration -Sense of entitlement -Devoid of empathy -Enviousness -Interpersonally exploitative | Narcissistic Personality Disorder (B-4)
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| Cluster C Disorder #1 _______ Personality Disorder: -Avoidance of occupational activities -Unwillingness to get involved w/ others unless certainty of being liked -Feelings of inadequacy -Preoccupied w/ being rejected | Avoidant Personality Disorder (C-1)
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| Cluster C Disorder #2 _______ Personality Disorder: -Difficulty in making everyday decisions -Difficulty in expressing disagreement -Feelings of discomfort or helplessness when alone | Dependent Personality Disorder (C-2)
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| Cluster C Disorder #3 _______-_______ Personality Disorder: -Preoccupation w/ details, rules, lists, order, organization, schedules -Perfectionism -Excessive devotion to work & productivity -Rigidity/Stubbornness -Reluctance to delegate tasks | Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (C-3)
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| ______ _______: The belief that thoughts are all-powerful. -One of the diagnostic criterion for Schizotypal Personality Disorder. | Magical Thinking
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| ________: common clinical manifestation in which individuals tend to view reality in polarized categories. -One of the diagnostic criterion for Borderline Personality Disorder | Splitting
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| __________ theories related to the etiology of personality disorders focus on an individual becoming fixated in a specific phase of psychosexual development, and thus are unable to advance to the next phase | Psychodynamic
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| _______ _______ _______ (CBT) helps patients with personality disorders focus on their distorted patterns of thinking. | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
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| _______ _______ _______ (DBT) focuses on helping individuals cope with conflict, negative feelings, and impulsivity. | Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)
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| Medications to treat Personality Disorders: - SSRI's - SNRI's - Mood Stabilizers - 2nd gen Antipsychotics |
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| _______: a chronic relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences | Addiction
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| ______ is the initial stage where the individual may have recurrent substance use that leads to failure to meet obligations, puts the individual in hazardous situations, causes legal problems, or results in social, interpersonal, or professional problems | Abuse
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| ________ is the final stage and refers to maladaptive pattern of behavior characterized by progression, tolerance, withdrawal, preoccupation with the behavior regardless of any consequences, and has the potential to be fatal | Dependency
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| _________ is reversible substance-specific syndrome with central nervous system response and related behavioral and psychological changes after exposure or ingestion of a substance | Intoxication
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| ________ is substance-specific syndrome with significant physical and psychological distress, and impairment in areas of functioning that occur after reducing or stopping heavy and prolonged use of the substance | Withdrawal
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| Use the _______ protocol to deliver bad news therapeutically | SPIKES
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| SPIKES: S=_________ P=_________ I=_________ K=_________ E=_________ & ________ S=_________ & ________ | -Setting
-Perception
-Invitation
-Knowledge
-Emotions & Empathy
-Strategy & Summary
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| _______ ________: refusal or inability to maintain a minimally normal body weight | Anorexia Nervosa
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| _______ _______: repeated episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors | Bulimia Nervosa
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| What is the treatment of choice for Bulimia Nervosa? | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
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| ______ ____ _____ is defined as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not the absence of disease or infirmity" | Quality of Life
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