Animal Behavior 3
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Sexual selection theory: | show 🗑
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Intrasexual selection | show 🗑
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Intersexual selection | show 🗑
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show | 2 Separate type of gametes
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Isogamy: | show 🗑
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show | two different sexes
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Disruptive selection: | show 🗑
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Larger zygotes have higher viability because they have more resources for survival. Small gametes have a numerical advantage so there are more but | show 🗑
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Bateman’s hypothesis | show 🗑
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show | number of mates obtained
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Parental investment theory (Robert Trivers) | show 🗑
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show | Weapons for aggression and ornaments for attracting opposite sex
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show | The ratio of sexually active males to sexually receptive females
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show | Male and female parental certainty. Females are more certain and males are less
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Leks: | show 🗑
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Male Dominance Hierarchy | show 🗑
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show | -Satellite males: male hangs nearby and waits for opportunity to mate
-Sneaker males: male stays undetected until he sneaks upon a mate
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Cryptic female choice | show 🗑
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Mate guarding | show 🗑
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show | physical aspects of male being indicators of the males capacity to provide parental care
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Chase away selection theory | show 🗑
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Runaway selection theory | show 🗑
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Good genes theory | show 🗑
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Healthy mates theory | show 🗑
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show | suggests that reliable signals must be costly to the signaler, costing the signaler something that could not be afforded by an individual with less of a particular trait.
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show | is the mating practice in some species of invertebrates in which the male pierces the female's abdomen with his penis and injects his sperm through the wound into her abdominal cavity
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show | males mate with several females
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show | Female mates with more than one male
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show | both male and females have multiple mates
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show | Indiscriminate sexual behavior with multiple mates and no social association
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show | Selection favors males that mate with and guard one female over one or more reproductive cycles by remaining in close association with her
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Why are males ever voluntarily monogamous? | show 🗑
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Why do females of some species practice polyandry? | show 🗑
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Territorial cooperation hypothesis | show 🗑
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show | Females in pairs won significantly more fights than single females. A similar but weaker pattern was observed for males
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show | female scares females of their same species away from their mate so that her offspring gets the males resources and attention to themselves
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Bi-parental care or mate assistance hypothesis | show 🗑
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show | Uncommon
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Monogamy in birds | show 🗑
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What are the indirect benefits to polyandrous females | show 🗑
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show | an example would be the egg of a polyandrous bird is more likely to hatch than a monogamous bird because since they mate with more than one male they have insurance against infertile males.
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show | females mate with more than one male because their partner is of lower genetic quality than her extra pair partner whose genes will improve offspring viability or attractiveness
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Genetic compatibility hypothesis | show 🗑
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More resources hypothesis | show 🗑
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show | More mates = more caregivers to help rear female offspring
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show | More mates = more protectors to keep other males from sexually harassing the polyandrous female
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show | More mates = greater uncertainty about paternity of an infant when it is born and thus fewer males with no stake in the welfare of the polyandrous female's offspring
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Female defense polygyny | show 🗑
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show | Males defend territories that females are likely to favor for producing offspring
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show | Male bower birds defend bower displays that assist them in mating with more females.
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show | Males tries to outrace each other to the receptive female
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show | An explanation for polygyny based on the premise that females will gain fitness by mating with an already paired male if the resources controlled by that male greatly exceed those of unmanned males
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Hotspot hypothesis | show 🗑
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show | low-ranking males aggregate near high-ranking males
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show | reason why males cluster, because females prefer sites with large groups of males
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Parental care: | show 🗑
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Life history traits: | show 🗑
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Maternal care: | show 🗑
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Paternal care: | show 🗑
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Biparental care: | show 🗑
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show | Females tend to be the providers of parental care in many species often because they are the ones providing lactation in the case of mammals
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show | Stop growing at a certain point
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show | continue to grow throughout their lifetime
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Iteroparity | show 🗑
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Semelparity | show 🗑
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show | predicts that if a behavior is adaptive, the benefits of a behavior must exceed the costs of that behavior
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show | A strategy in which a female bird produces more eggs than she would normally be capable of raising. If food resources are limited,any late-hatching offspring would likely die of starvation or attacks by stronger siblings.
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Mafia hypothesis | show 🗑
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show | if cost exceeds benefit of taking care of weak resources then it makes sense to abandon care of the weak one and reserve their energy to raise healthy, strong offspring
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Bronze Headed Cowbirds: Obligate brood parasite, doesn’t build nest on its own, lays eggs in the nests of 220 different species of other birds. Do not try and disguise eggs. How do they keep eggs from not being rejected? | show 🗑
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show | Stronger sibling killing off a weaker sibling to take advantage of even more resources in their absence.
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Parental effort | show 🗑
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Created by:
awahay