Animal Behavior 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| show | the advantage certain individuals have to others in terms of sex... (pretty similar to natural selection, heredity variation, reproductive differential(in sexual selection)
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| show | (mate competition)
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| Intersexual selection | show 🗑
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| show | 2 Separate type of gametes
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| show | ametes are both the same size
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| show | two different sexes
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| Disruptive selection: | show 🗑
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| show | fewer will survive. While a larger gamete has more nutrients and a higher potential or fitness.
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| Bateman’s hypothesis | show 🗑
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| show | number of mates obtained
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| Parental investment theory (Robert Trivers) | show 🗑
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| show | Weapons for aggression and ornaments for attracting opposite sex
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| show | The ratio of sexually active males to sexually receptive females
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| Cukoloidy: | show 🗑
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| show | Display sites w/ no resources where peafowl rattle their tails and display their eyespots
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| show | alpha male system
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| show | -Satellite males: male hangs nearby and waits for opportunity to mate
-Sneaker males: male stays undetected until he sneaks upon a mate
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| Cryptic female choice | show 🗑
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| Mate guarding | show 🗑
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| Good parent theory | show 🗑
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| show | Females are exploitative in terms of pre-existing sensory biases but derive no benefits from being choosey
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| Runaway selection theory | show 🗑
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| Good genes theory | show 🗑
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| Healthy mates theory | show 🗑
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| show | suggests that reliable signals must be costly to the signaler, costing the signaler something that could not be afforded by an individual with less of a particular trait.
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| Sexual conflict (traumatic insemination) | show 🗑
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| show | males mate with several females
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| Polyandry | show 🗑
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| Polygynandry or plural breeding | show 🗑
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| show | Indiscriminate sexual behavior with multiple mates and no social association
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| Mate guarding hypothesis | show 🗑
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| Why are males ever voluntarily monogamous? | show 🗑
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| show | If multiple males took care of the females and their offspring, it is beneficial.
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| show | Two individuals (one of each sex) can better defend a critical resource, such as safe refuge, and this can select for pair formation and shared defense
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| show | Females in pairs won significantly more fights than single females. A similar but weaker pattern was observed for males
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| Female enforced monogamy | show 🗑
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| show | A male gains more fitness by providing parental care for offspring of his mate than by seeking out additional sexual partners
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| Monogamy in mammals is | show 🗑
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| show | Common around 90%. Some are socially monogamous and some are sexually. There are short term monogamies which last the breeding season and then there are long term, life long monogamies.
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| show | - Freed from rearing, more offspring
- Fertility insurance hypothesis
- Good genes hypothesis
- Genetic compatibility hypothesis
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| show | an example would be the egg of a polyandrous bird is more likely to hatch than a monogamous bird because since they mate with more than one male they have insurance against infertile males.
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| show | females mate with more than one male because their partner is of lower genetic quality than her extra pair partner whose genes will improve offspring viability or attractiveness
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| Genetic compatibility hypothesis | show 🗑
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| show | More mates means more resources received form the sexual partners of a female
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| show | More mates = more caregivers to help rear female offspring
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| Better protection hypothesis | show 🗑
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| Infanticide reduction hypothesis | show 🗑
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| show | males fight with other males to monopolize females
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| Resource defense polygyny | show 🗑
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| Lek polygyny | show 🗑
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| Scramble competition polygyny | show 🗑
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| Polygyny threshold hypothesis | show 🗑
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| show | all males aggregate near resources
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| Hotshot hypothesis | show 🗑
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| Female preference hypothesis | show 🗑
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| show | Behaviors by a parent to enhance the fitness of offspring, including incubation, feeding, and defense
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| show | Traits involved with growth, reproduction, and survivorship
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| Maternal care: | show 🗑
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| show | Parental care that a male provides to offspring
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| show | Both parent provide care for offspring
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| Female-biased parental care | show 🗑
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| show | Stop growing at a certain point
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| Indeterminant growth: | show 🗑
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| Iteroparity | show 🗑
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| show | A species is considered this if it is characterized by a single reproductive episode before death
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| Cost-benefit analysis | show 🗑
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| Brood reduction | show 🗑
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| show | The idea that the parent of a parasite bird will harass, harm the offspring/nest of the host if they try to reject the parasite egg.
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| Parent offspring theory: | show 🗑
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| show | They use the Mafia Hypothesis: they monitor nest and if host rejects eggs they kill all of her eggs and destroys the nest. The host learns this and begins to take care of cowbird egg unwillingly.
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| show | Stronger sibling killing off a weaker sibling to take advantage of even more resources in their absence.
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| show | when a parent has limited resources for all of its' offspring and have to judge a chick by its' appearance or reproductive value (will live to breed) to determine whether it is useful to use energy and resources to take care of it
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Created by:
awahay