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Animal Behavior 3

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
Sexual selection theory:   show
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Intrasexual selection   show
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Intersexual selection   show
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show 2 Separate type of gametes  
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Isogamy:   show
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show two different sexes  
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Disruptive selection:   show
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Larger zygotes have higher viability because they have more resources for survival. Small gametes have a numerical advantage so there are more but   show
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Bateman’s hypothesis   show
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show number of mates obtained  
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Parental investment theory (Robert Trivers)   show
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show Weapons for aggression and ornaments for attracting opposite sex  
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show The ratio of sexually active males to sexually receptive females  
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show Male and female parental certainty. Females are more certain and males are less  
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Leks:   show
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Male Dominance Hierarchy   show
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show -Satellite males: male hangs nearby and waits for opportunity to mate -Sneaker males: male stays undetected until he sneaks upon a mate  
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Cryptic female choice   show
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Mate guarding   show
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show physical aspects of male being indicators of the males capacity to provide parental care  
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Chase away selection theory   show
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Runaway selection theory   show
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Good genes theory   show
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Healthy mates theory   show
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show suggests that reliable signals must be costly to the signaler, costing the signaler something that could not be afforded by an individual with less of a particular trait.  
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show is the mating practice in some species of invertebrates in which the male pierces the female's abdomen with his penis and injects his sperm through the wound into her abdominal cavity  
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show males mate with several females  
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show Female mates with more than one male  
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show both male and females have multiple mates  
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show Indiscriminate sexual behavior with multiple mates and no social association  
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show Selection favors males that mate with and guard one female over one or more reproductive cycles by remaining in close association with her  
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Why are males ever voluntarily monogamous?   show
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Why do females of some species practice polyandry?   show
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Territorial cooperation hypothesis   show
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show Females in pairs won significantly more fights than single females. A similar but weaker pattern was observed for males  
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show female scares females of their same species away from their mate so that her offspring gets the males resources and attention to themselves  
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Bi-parental care or mate assistance hypothesis   show
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show Uncommon  
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Monogamy in birds   show
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What are the indirect benefits to polyandrous females   show
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show an example would be the egg of a polyandrous bird is more likely to hatch than a monogamous bird because since they mate with more than one male they have insurance against infertile males.  
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show females mate with more than one male because their partner is of lower genetic quality than her extra pair partner whose genes will improve offspring viability or attractiveness  
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Genetic compatibility hypothesis   show
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More resources hypothesis   show
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show More mates = more caregivers to help rear female offspring  
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show More mates = more protectors to keep other males from sexually harassing the polyandrous female  
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show More mates = greater uncertainty about paternity of an infant when it is born and thus fewer males with no stake in the welfare of the polyandrous female's offspring  
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Female defense polygyny   show
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show Males defend territories that females are likely to favor for producing offspring  
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show Male bower birds defend bower displays that assist them in mating with more females.  
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show Males tries to outrace each other to the receptive female  
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show An explanation for polygyny based on the premise that females will gain fitness by mating with an already paired male if the resources controlled by that male greatly exceed those of unmanned males  
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Hotspot hypothesis   show
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show low-ranking males aggregate near high-ranking males  
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show reason why males cluster, because females prefer sites with large groups of males  
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Parental care:   show
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Life history traits:   show
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Maternal care:   show
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Paternal care:   show
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Biparental care:   show
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show Females tend to be the providers of parental care in many species often because they are the ones providing lactation in the case of mammals  
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show Stop growing at a certain point  
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show continue to grow throughout their lifetime  
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Iteroparity   show
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Semelparity   show
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show predicts that if a behavior is adaptive, the benefits of a behavior must exceed the costs of that behavior  
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show A strategy in which a female bird produces more eggs than she would normally be capable of raising. If food resources are limited,any late-hatching offspring would likely die of starvation or attacks by stronger siblings.  
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Mafia hypothesis   show
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show if cost exceeds benefit of taking care of weak resources then it makes sense to abandon care of the weak one and reserve their energy to raise healthy, strong offspring  
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Bronze Headed Cowbirds: Obligate brood parasite, doesn’t build nest on its own, lays eggs in the nests of 220 different species of other birds. Do not try and disguise eggs. How do they keep eggs from not being rejected?   show
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show Stronger sibling killing off a weaker sibling to take advantage of even more resources in their absence.  
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Parental effort   show
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