PEA Test
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| Which of the following compensations occurs if the patient is not stabilized properly when joint range of motion for shoulder flexion is assessed | Extension of the spine. Lateral flexion may occur during shoulder abduction, scapular protraction during shoulder medial (internal) rotation
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| Compensation of shoulder hyperextension | Scapular Elevation
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| Cachexia, a barrel chest, dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, and hypoxemia. | Cystic Fibrosis
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| Cachexia | wasting syndrome is loss of weight, muscle atrophy, fatigue, weakness, and significant loss of appetite in someone who is not actively trying to lose weight
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| Which of the following exercise modifications is MOST appropriate for a patient with a new diagnosis of hyperthyroidism | Common symptoms of hyperthyroidism include exercise intolerance and reduced exercise capacity. By decreasing the intensity and increasing the time to complete the exercises, these symptoms can be minimized.
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| A patient reports dyspnea and chest pain when taking a deep breath. The patient has a temperature of 100.5°F (38.0°C), absent breath sounds over the right lower lobe, and pleural rub. The patient MOST likely has which of the following conditions | Pleural effusion is marked by dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain that is aggravated by deep breathing, mild fever, and decreased or absent breath sounds over the effusion.
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| A 6-year-old child with spastic diplegia is walking in the parallel bars. The child walks with increased trunk and hip flexion. Which of the following assistive devices would be MOST appropriate for the patient | The use of a posterior walker has been found to encourage a more upright posture during gait and to promote better gait characteristics than does the use of an anterior walker.
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| Which of the following postures is characterized by an increased thoracic kyphosis, posterior thoracic shift, increased lumbar lordosis, and anterior pelvic shift | Swayback posture is a slouched posture characterized by a posterior shift and flexion of the thoracic spine region and an anterior shift with corresponding anterior tilt of the pelvis.
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| A grade III sprain of which of the following ligaments is MOST likely to heal without surgical repair | The medial collateral ligament heals well without surgical intervention secondary to its good vascular supply and anatomical position that prevents undue stress during the healing process.
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| Placing the bell of a stethoscope over the fifth left intercostal space, medial to the midclavicular line, is the MOST appropriate procedure when auscultating which of the following valves | The mitral valve is best auscultated over the fifth left intercostal space, medial to the midclavicular line.
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| A PTA presses a thumb (1st digit) into the dorsum of a patient’s foot and notes that a depression remains for 17 seconds after removal of the assistant’s thumb. Which of the following grades MOST appropriately describes this result | The technique described is used to assess pitting edema. When the depression created by the pressure takes 15-30 seconds to resolve, the appropriate grade is 3+.
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| Which of the following upper extremity movements is MOST associated with abnormal flexion synergy following a cerebrovascular accident | Upper extremity motions associated with abnormal flexion synergy pattern following a stroke are scapular retraction and elevation, shoulder abduction and lateral (external) rotation, elbow flexion, forearm supination, and wrist and finger flexion.
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| Which of the following injuries increases the risk of developing myositis ossificans | An anterior blow to the thigh causes quadriceps contusion and increases the likelihood of developing myositis ossificans. Myositis ossificans is known to form in bruised, damaged, or inflamed muscles.
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| Patient has gastroesophageal reflux disease. During the therapy session, the patient reports having reflux at night. Which of the following instructions on patient positioning is MOST appropriate for the patient? | Left sidelying minimizes the flow of acid to the esophagus. The other positions may predispose the patient to nocturnal reflux
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| Which of the following assessments is MOST likely to show immediate changes present in a patient who displays signs of hyperventilation | Hyperventilation is marked by an increase in respiratory rate and an increase in expiratory reserve volume (ERV). Spirometric testing measures lung volumes and reserves, which would include ERV. The patient may exhibit changes in pulse oximetry, electroca
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| Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease | Modifiable risk factors associated with coronary artery disease include hypertension (blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg) and body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2. Age and family history are nonmodifiable risk factors.
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| Which of the following postural components is MOST likely present with genu varum | Genu varum is a bowleg deformity that involves medial tibial torsion. Excessive hip adduction is with genu valgum. Medial tibial torsion, present with genu varum, is with in-toeing. Excess anterior pelvic tilt is associated with excessive genurecurvatum
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| A 70-year-old patient has a resting heart rate of 81 bpm and a blood pressure of 128/82 mm Hg. The patient performs 30 minutes of aerobic activity with a rating of perceived exertion of 14/20. Which of the following heart rate and blood pressure readings | The pt. is 70 years old and therefore the maximum heart rate is 150 bpm (HRmax = 220 - age). A rating of perceived exertion of 14/20 to 16/20 corresponds with aerobic exercise at 77% to 93% of maximum heart rate. A heart rate of 121 bpm falls within range
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| A physical therapist assistant instructs a patient with tight knee flexors to extend the knee and hold the end-range position for a few seconds. After a brief rest period, the procedure is repeated. Which of the following stretching techniques is being pe | To perform the agonist contraction procedure, the patient concentrically contracts the muscle opposite the range-limiting muscle and then holds the end-range position for several seconds.
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| The median nerve innervates the following muscles in the forearm: | 1) pronator teres and quadratus, 2) flexor digitorum superficialis, 3) flexor digitorum profundus (index and middle fingers, 4) thenar muscles (abductor pollicis brevis)
Wrist flexion, finger flexion, thumb oppositon
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| Which of the following conditions involves an osseous defect on the posterolateral humeral head following anterior shoulder dislocation | A bony defect on the posterolateral aspect of the humeral head is called a Hill-Sachs lesion.
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| A physical therapist assistant notes that a patient has scored 60% on a 5.07 monofilament test of bilateral feet and ankles. Which of the following interventions would be MOST beneficial for the patient | An individual’s protective sensation is intact when the 5.07 monofilament can be felt. With loss of protective sensation, the individual cannot sense trauma to the foot, often leading to foot ulceration.
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| A patient with cor pulmonale was referred to physical therapy for functional mobility training. The patient will MOST likely exhibit which of the following responses to exercise | Right-sided heart failure as a result of pulmonary hypertension. Decrease in cardiac output (heart rate increases, stroke volume and systolic blood pressure decrease) Exercise= pallor, sweating, hypotension, and rapid pulse of small amplitude, dypnea
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| Which of the following symptoms are MOST consistent with a diagnosis of esophageal varices | Melena and hematemesis are symptoms of esophageal varices. Dysphagia and anorexia are symptoms of esophageal cancer. Dyspepsia and epigastric pain are symptoms of stomach cancer. Hematochezia and diarrhea are symptoms of colon cancer.
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| When applying mechanical lumbar traction, which positions for the pelvic and thoracic belts would be BEST | The best position for placement of the pelvic and thoracic belts is with the pelvic belt just above the iliac crests and the thoracic belt over the lower rib cage with the upper part of the belt at about the level of the xiphoid process.
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| The plan of care for a patient who has weak inspiratory muscles includes deep breathing exercises while the body is fully immersed in the pool. Which physical property of water is being utilized for muscle strengthening while the patient is in the pool | Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted on immersed objects. When a body is immersed, hydrostatic pressure can resist inspiration and assist expiration.
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| A physical therapist assistant is working with a young adult patient who has a right thoracic, left lumbar structural scoliosis. Which of the following postural deviations would MOST commonly be seen with this diagnosis | Scoliosis deformities are named relative to the convexities of the curves, with the apex of the curve defining the vertebral level. In a right thoracic, left lumbar structural scoliosis, there is a convex curve to the right in the thoracic spine and a con
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| Increasing the threshold makes the biofeedback unit less sensitive to electrical potentials from muscles. As the threshold is decreased, it takes less electrical activity to trigger the biofeedback unit (i.e., provide an audio or visual cue to the patient |
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| Excessive upward rotation of the right scapula is noted when a patient attempts to perform shoulder flexion. Which of the following exercises is MOST appropriate to help correct the excessive scapular rotation | Excessive upward rotation of the scapula can result from weakness of the rhomboids and latissimus dorsi (downward rotators). The scapular adduction with medial (internal) rotation and adduction of the arm would require action by those muscles.
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| Which of the following measurements MOST accurately describes the correct fit for forearm crutches | Appropriately fitted forearm crutches should create 20° to 25° of flexion at the elbows, and the forearm cuffs should rest 1 to 1.5 inches (2.5 to 3.8 cm) below the olecranon processes.
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| A metatarsal pad may be useful in decreasing symptoms associated with? Custom orthotics for the foot? | Morton neuroma.
Plantar fasciitis and tibialis anterior tendinitis
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| What is the inflation/deflation rate of pneumatic compression? | Generally, the ratio of inflation time to deflation time is about 3 to 1 (inflation time is about 3 times longer than deflation time), and the pressure is recommended to be less than diastolic pressure (in this case 90 mm Hg).
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| Which of the following clinical characteristics are MOST likely to be exhibited by a patient who has spinal shock immediately after spinal cord trauma | Flaccid paralysis, loss of reflex activity, and bowel and bladder problems are likely to be exhibited by a patient who has spinal shock.
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| Physical therapy intervention that is focused on transfer and gait training MOST appropriately treats which of the following types of incontinence | Functional incontinence occurs in people who have normal urine control but have difficulty reaching a toilet in time because of muscle or joint dysfunction.
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| For a patient with ankylosing spondylitis, which of the following muscles require the MOST emphasis for strengthening | Trunk range-of-motion exercises and strengthening to minimize thoracic kyphosis are essential. Persons with ankylosing spondylitis tend to assume flexed postures. Disproportionately strong pectorals, hip flexors, or abdominals could worsen the kyphosis.
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| A physical therapist assistant is stretching a patient’s hamstrings by placing the muscle group in a lengthened position, after which the patient performs an isometric contraction of the muscle for 5-10 seconds (hold-relax). The assistant is utilizing whi | The technique described is called hold-relax and is believed to help increase muscle length due to autogenic inhibition.
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| A goal should include the following elements: 1) audience: who will exhibit the skill, 2) behavior: what the person will do, 3) condition: under what circumstances (the position, the equipment that must be available for the patient to perform the behavior |
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| A patient with a diagnosis of traumatic brain injury is being treated in the therapy gym with several other patients. The patient needs constant redirection to task and requires consistent verbal cues for appropriate use of objects placed within reach. Wh | A patient at the confused-inappropriate level is able to follow simple commands fairly consistently but exhibits poor memory, a high level of distractibility, decreased ability to focus on tasks, and inappropriate use of objects.
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| Which type of current is MOST appropriate for treating a pressure ulcer to enhance healing | Monophasic pulsed current, which is a form of direct current, is best for wound healing. Medium frequency current with a pulsatile biphasic waveform (Russian current) is used to stimulate muscle. Asymmetrical balanced biphasic pulsed current is the type o
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| Ulnar nerve complete what action of the thumb and fingers and which muscles? | Thumb adduction is accomplished by the adductor pollicis (ulnar nerve).
Finger abduction is performed by the dorsal interossei (ulnar nerve).
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