Questions & Answers
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| A gem produced by, or derived from, a living organism is A. organic. B. synthetic. C. inorganic. D. manmade. | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is an organic gem? A. Jade B. Ruby C. Amber D. Tourmaline | show 🗑
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| A substance that consists of atoms of only one kind is a A. mineral. B. unit cell. C. gem species. D. chemical element. | show 🗑
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| A natural, inorganic substance with a characteristic chemical composition and usually characteristic crystal structure is a(n) A. atom. B. mineral. C. synthetic. D. chemical element. | show 🗑
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| show | C. minerals.
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| A natural material that’s made up of a mass of one or more kinds of mineral crystals is a A. rock. B. group. C. variety. D. chemical element. | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is amorphous? A. Beryl B. Amber C. Garnet D. Jadeite | show 🗑
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| A broad gem category based on chemical composition and crystal structure is a A. rock. B. group. C. gem variety. D. gem species. | show 🗑
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| show | D. Demantoid
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| show | B. Garnet
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| The world’s largest gem-consuming market is A. Japan. B. Europe. C. Thailand. D. United States. | show 🗑
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| show | D. less than a tenth of the size.
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| To be a gem, a mineral must be beautiful, durable, and A. rare. B. colorful. C. transparent. D. lightweight. | show 🗑
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| Many colored stones are mined by A. large corporations. B. massive industrial operations. C. mechanized systems and heavy equipment. D. independent miners using small-scale mining methods. | show 🗑
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| Media attention in the 1990s regarding its treatment reduced consumer confidence in A. spinel. B. emerald. C. rhodolite. D. tanzanite. | show 🗑
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| Synthetic gem materials A.are organic. B.are not minerals. C.are usually amorphous. D.are classified as minerals. | show 🗑
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| show | D. continental crust.
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| show | D. metamorphic.
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| Which gem can crystallize in volcanic rock from gasses released by magma? A. Zircon B. Red beryl C. Blue sapphire D. Vietnamese ruby | show 🗑
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| show | C. Ouro Preto, Brazil
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| show | D. Tanzanite
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| show | D. marble.
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| A deposit where gems are found in the rock that carried them to the earth’s surface is called A. primary. B. substitute. C. secondary. D. concentrated. | show 🗑
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| show | C. Secondary
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| Which is a deposit where gems eroded from the source rock and remained in place nearby? A. Eluvial B. Primary C. Alluvial D. Metamorphic | show 🗑
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| show | C. Placer
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| show | C. tourmaline and beryl in pegmatite.
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| Myanmar’s famous Mogok ruby deposits were formed by A. sedimentary processes. B. regional metamorphism. C. gas crystallization from molten lava. D. mineral-rich solutions close to the earth’s surface. | show 🗑
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| Pegmatite gems are rich in volatile elements like A. chromium and vanadium. B. nickel, copper, and cobalt. C. beryllium, boron, and lithium. D. iron, magnesium, and titanium. | show 🗑
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| show | B. placer deposits.
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| Emeralds are rarely found in placer deposits because they’re A. too soft. B. too rare. C. chemically unstable. D. unable to withstand much abrasion. | show 🗑
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| A unit cell defines a mineral’s A. size. B. habit. C. shape. D. basic identity. | show 🗑
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| If a crystal grows in a flux that is highly saturated with the necessary elements, it tends to be A. large. B. small. C. terminated. D. well formed. | show 🗑
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| show | D. Cryptocrystalline
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| Which is classified in the orthorhombic crystal system? A. Beryl B. Topaz C. Garnet D. Corundum | show 🗑
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| show | C. Chromium
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| show | D. Polysynthetic
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| Which type of twinning looks as if two crystal halves are mirror images? A. Cyclic B. Contact C. Penetration D. Polysynthetic | show 🗑
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| Needles of actinolite found in emerald are classified as A. cleavages. B. inclusions. C. penetration twins. D. impurity elements. | show 🗑
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| show | C. liquid and a gas.
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| Atoms in a gem that are not part of its essential chemical composition are A. unit cells. B. inclusions. C. trace elements. D. chemical compounds. | show 🗑
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| The trace elements that cause corundum’s blue are A. iron and titanium. B. chromium and iron. C. aluminum and oxygen. D. aluminum and chromium. | show 🗑
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| An object’s weight in relation to its size is called its A. density. B. carat total. C. atomic index. D. specific gravity. | show 🗑
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| Which gems are cryptocrystalline aggregates? A. Opal and amethyst B. Nephrite and jadeite C. Sugilite and lapis lazuli D. Chalcedony and turquoise | show 🗑
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| show | A. twinned crystals.
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| Many fashioned rubies have shallow proportions because they’re cut from A. flat crystals. B. tall, columnar crystals. C. heavily included rough. D. flattened cleavage pieces. | show 🗑
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| The pattern of dark vertical lines or bands shown by certain gems when viewed through a spectroscope is called A. refraction. B. dispersion. C. pleochroism. D. absorption spectrum. | show 🗑
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| show | D. Aluminum
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| show | D. idiochromatic.
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| Which element causes the color of both almandite and peridot? A. Iron B. Cobalt C. Titanium D. Chromium | show 🗑
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| The process where electrons that selectively absorb light are passed back and forth between neighboring impurity ions is known as A. diffraction. B. interference. C. charge transfer. D. intervalence charge transfer. | show 🗑
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| Which components of a transition element’s atoms can produce color in gems? A. Nuclei B. Protons C. Neutrons D. Electrons | show 🗑
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| show | C. Chromium
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| Which transition element causes a greater variety of gem colors than any other? A. Iron B. Cobalt C. Vanadium D. Chromium | show 🗑
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| show | B. iron and titanium.
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| show | D. double refraction.
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| show | D. Doubly refractive
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| Which gem can show three pleochroic colors? A. Iolite B. Ruby C. Sapphire D. Tourmaline | show 🗑
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| show | D. Labradorescence
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| show | B. scattering of light.
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| show | D. chrysoberyl.
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| show | B. synthetic.
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| The two main types of processes for synthetic gem production are melt and A. pulling. B. solution. C. flame fusion. D. floating zone. | show 🗑
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| show | C. Flame fusion
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| Which synthetic process developed rapidly due to laser research in the 1960s? A. Pulling B. Skull melt C. Flame fusion D. Spontaneous nucleation | show 🗑
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| Which process uses a heating unit to pass over a rotating solid rod of chemicals until it forms a synthetic crystal? A. Skull melt B. Flux growth C. Flame fusion D. Floating zone | show 🗑
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| show | D. Hydrothermal growth
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| show | B. Quartz
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| Which synthetic process uses an autoclave? A. Pulling B. Skull melt C. Flux growth D. Hydrothermal growth | show 🗑
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| show | C. precipitation.
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| The crucibles that work best for flux growth are made of A. gold. B. silver. C. titanium. D. platinum. | show 🗑
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| Which process involves heating finely ground powder, sometimes under pressure, to produce a fine-grained solid material? A. Ceramic B. Sublimation C. Precipitation D. Spontaneous nucleation | show 🗑
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| Synthetic turquoise is most likely produced by which process? A. Pulling B. Ceramic C. Sublimation D. Floating zone | show 🗑
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| show | A. dissolves other materials.
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| show | D. pressurized steel container and crushed chemical ingredients.
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| show | A. synthetic opal.
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| Which of these is considered a gem treatment? A. Cutting B. Polishing C. Fashioning D. Fracture filling | show 🗑
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| Written information on dyeing gems dates back to about A. 200 BC. B. 100 AD. C. 300 AD. D. 700 AD. | show 🗑
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| show | B. Amber
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| Heat can lighten amethyst’s purple by A. dissolving rutile. B. affecting titanium impurities. C. affecting chromium impurities. D. causing changes in color centers. | show 🗑
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| show | C. synthetic corundum.
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| What coloring agents do treaters use during lattice diffusion to create a shallow layer of blue color in corundum? A. Cobalt and iron oxide B. Chromium and iron oxide C. Titanium oxide and iron oxide D. Titanium oxide and chromium | show 🗑
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| How deep is the color layer that lattice diffusion with titanium or chromium creates in corundum? A. 0.01 mm to 0.50 mm B. 0.50 mm to 1.00 mm C. 1.00 mm to 1.50 mm D. 1.50 mm to 2.00 mm | show 🗑
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| What agent can create a shallow layer of asterism when it’s introduced below the surface of a corundum cabochon by lattice diffusion? A. Iron oxide B. Chromium C. Titanium oxide D. Aluminum oxide | show 🗑
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| Jadeite is often A. irradiated. B. irradiated and annealed. C. surface-diffusion treated. D. bleached and polymer impregnated. | show 🗑
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| The Zachery method is a treatment applied to A. jadeite. B. turquoise. C. lapis lazuli. D. cultured pearl | show 🗑
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| show | C. deepens blue color in sapphire.
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| show | D. aqua aura.
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| Treaters use sugar treatment to enhance A. opal. B. amber. C. jadeite. D. lapis lazuli. | show 🗑
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| What is Myanmar’s most important gem export? A. Ruby B. Spinel C. Jadeite D. Sapphire | show 🗑
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| Which location produces the majority of rubies that end up in mass-produced jewelry? A. Pailin B. Mogok C. Bo Phloi D. Mong Hsu | show 🗑
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| show | A. Mine run
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| show | A. Grade
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| Where is rough from Mogok brought into Thailand? A. Pailin B. Mae Sai C. Mae Sot D. Bo Phloi | show 🗑
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| Where is rough from Mong Hsu brought into Thailand? A. Pailin B. Mae Sai C. Mae Sot D. Bo Phloi | show 🗑
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| show | D. high grading.
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| show | A. Parcel
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| show | D. Chantaburi
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| show | C. large, important stones.
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| Gemstone sizes cut to fit standard mountings are known as A. free sizes. B. designer cuts. C. industry sizes. D. calibrated sizes. | show 🗑
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| show | B. middle market.
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| Which term describes a random sample from a parcel of gemstones, often used to assess the parcel’s overall quality? A. Cut B. Lot C. Pick D. Grade | show 🗑
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| show | A. Lot price
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| Which of the following is a premium price for selecting stones from a parcel? A. Lot price B. Pick price C. Grade price D. Parcel price | show 🗑
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| show | C. Tourmaline
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| show | A. hue.
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| Generally, cool-colored hues with low saturation look A. bluish. B. grayish. C. brownish. D. yellowish. | show 🗑
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| show | B. gem’s actual source is known.
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| Which trade term describes certain tourmalines? A. “Paraíba” B. “Kashmir” C. “Sandawana” D. “Mozambique” | show 🗑
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| Which abbreviation does the GIA Colored Stone Grading System use for a slightly purplish red hue? A. pR B. spR C. slpR D. stpR | show 🗑
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| show | C. 2 through 8
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| A see-through area in a transparent gemstone’s bodycolor that usually results from the way the gem was cut is called A. extinction. B. a window. C. color zoning. D. color banding. | show 🗑
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| show | C. saturation.
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| Extinction results from A. mixed cuts. B. deep pavilions. C. shallow proportions. D. excellent proportions. | show 🗑
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| show | C. neutral.
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| show | D. Daylight-equivalent fluorescent
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| Higher levels of saturation are usually found in stones with A. dark to very dark tone. B. very light to light tone. C. very light to medium tone. D. medium to medium-dark tone. | show 🗑
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| show | D. Chromium and vanadium
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| Emission of visible light by a material when it’s exposed to invisible ultraviolet radiation is A. pleochroism. B. color zoning. C. fluorescence. D. color change. | show 🗑
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| show | C. Transparent
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| To retain as much weight as possible from rare, high-quality rough, cutters would most likely vary A. finish. B. polish. C. proportions. D. facet placement. | show 🗑
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| show | B. cobbing.
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| Rough that’s ground to the approximate shape of the finished stone is called A. preform. B. crown cut. C. pavilion cut. D. ground rough. | show 🗑
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| show | B. Fine-quality emerald rough
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| show | D. Preforming
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| show | B. Tanzanite
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| show | C. cabochon.
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| Which is a carved design that projects slightly from a flat or curved surface? A. Cameo B. Intaglio C. Buff-top D. Sugarloaf | show 🗑
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| Colored stones cut flat with shallow pavilions usually have areas of lower color intensity called A. windows. B. brilliance. C. extinction. D. dispersion. | show 🗑
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| show | B. deep pavilion.
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| show | A. face-up.
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| show | A. save weight.
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| show | A. adds weight.
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| show | B. between 25 and 40 percent brilliance.
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| show | B. blemish.
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| show | D. negative crystal.
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| A general term for a break in a stone is A. chip. B. cavity. C. feather. D. fingerprint. | show 🗑
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| An inclusion with the most negative impact on a colored stone’s clarity would be located A. near the girdle. B. under the table. C. under a crown facet. D. under a crown main. | show 🗑
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| show | A. Type I
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| show | B. eye-clean.
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| show | D. a group of fine, needle-like inclusions.
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| show | D. partially healed fracture planes.
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| show | C. Emerald
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| In which of the following colored stone clarity grades do the definitions vary for each clarity type? A. Eye-clean B. Heavily included C. Severely included D. Moderately included | show 🗑
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| Which of these characteristics would usually have the greatest impact on a gem’s marketability? A. A cavity on its pavilion B. A large, unhealed feather C. A small, dark crystal under its crown facets D. A low-relief liquid inclusion under its table | show 🗑
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| show | C. spodumene, yellow beryl, and aquamarine.
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| show | D. can help separate natural from synthetic gems.
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| show | C. crystal growth.
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| Two factors that determine an inclusion’s impact on a gem’s value are A. size and shape. B. position and relief. C. location and shape. D. crystal system and size. | show 🗑
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| show | C. per-carat price.
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| show | D. metric carat.
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| show | A. unit prices.
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| show | C. 100
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| A metric carat equals A. 0.20 gram. B. 0.50 gram. C. 1 gram. D. 10 grams. | show 🗑
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| show | D. by weight.
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| What category of colored stone is often sold per piece? A. Large B. Free-size C. Expensive D. Small, inexpensive | show 🗑
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| show | A. 3 mm and below.
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| show | A. 5.
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| The color of a sorting pad should be A. dark. B. vivid. C. neutral. D. intense. | show 🗑
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| show | D. medium to medium-dark tone and vivid saturation.
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| show | C. $3,000.00
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| If a parcel of sapphires weighs 382.00 cts. and the per-carat price is $80.00, what is the total cost of the parcel? A. $477.50 B. $3,560.00 C. $4,775.00 D. $30,560.00 | show 🗑
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| If a parcel of amethysts contains 1,000 stones and weighs a total of 1,542.00 cts. with a cost of $0.75 per carat, what is the unit price? A. $1.16 B. $11.56 C. $115.65 D. $1,156.50 | show 🗑
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| show | D. $31,680.00
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| show | D. “king of precious stones.”
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| The most valuable tone and saturation for ruby are A. dark tone and strong saturation. B. medium tone and strong saturation. C. very dark tone and vivid saturation. D. medium to medium-dark tone and vivid saturation. | show 🗑
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| show | A. silicon.
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| show | A. iron.
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| show | D. alkali-basalt.
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| show | D. eliminates dark centers or cores.
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| The world’s largest corundum marketing center is A. Burma. B. Vietnam. C. Thailand. D. Sri Lanka. | show 🗑
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| show | B. high end.
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| show | C. Mong Hsu
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| show | D. Thailand.
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| show | A. darker.
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| Rubies from Pailin, Cambodia, are similar to those from A. Vietnam. B. Thailand. C. Myanmar. D. Sri Lanka. | show 🗑
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| Vietnamese rubies originate in A. basalt. B. marble. C. granite. D. limestone. | show 🗑
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| show | A. Kenya
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| Newly discovered ruby deposits at Vatomandry and Andilamena are in what country? A. Kenya B. Malawi C. Tanzania D. Madagascar | show 🗑
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| show | C. pegmatite veins.
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| show | D. Grossularite
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| Tsavorite and hessonite are both varieties of A. pyrope. B. andradite. C. uvarovite. D. grossularite. | show 🗑
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| show | B. crystal structure.
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| show | B. almandite and pyrope.
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| The substitution of one chemical element for another in the crystal structure of a mineral is called A. charge transfer. B. metamorphism. C. isomorphous replacement. D. intervalence charge transfer. | show 🗑
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| Mandarin garnet has been used as a trade name for A. pyrope. B. tsavorite. C. andradite. D. spessartite. | show 🗑
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| show | C. Russia.
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| Tsavorite is colored by A. iron. B. nickel. C. vanadium. D. chromium. | show 🗑
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| The intense red color of spinel is caused by A. iron. B. chromium. C. manganese. D. color centers. | show 🗑
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| show | D. demantoid.
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| show | D. pyrope, spessartite, and almandite.
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| The most important source of rhodolite in recent years is A. Brazil. B. Burma. C. East Africa. D. United States. | show 🗑
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| show | A. red.
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| The most desirable, vibrant, and rare blue natural spinels are colored by A. iron. B. titanium. C. cobalt and iron. D. iron and titanium. | show 🗑
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| show | D. refractive index as the gem.
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| Which of the following sources emerged in the 1990’s as a significant source of good- to fine-quality sapphire? A. Madagascar B. Kashmir C. Sri Lanka D. Australia | show 🗑
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| show | D. a spindle-shaped hexagonal pyramid or bipyramid.
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| When did Madagascar become a significant source of blue sapphire? A. 1960s B. 1970s C. 1990s D. 1950s | show 🗑
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| The sapphire market level supplied by Switzerland is A. lower. B. upper. C.commercial. D.middle. | show 🗑
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| show | B. Yogo Gulch
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| show | B. geuda.
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| Blue sapphires that originate in basaltic rock generally have A.high manganese content. B. low iron content. C. high chromium content. D. high iron content. | show 🗑
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| show | A. Color zoning
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| show | D.velvety appearance.
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| show | A. Sri Lanka.
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| show | B. inky.
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| Blue sapphire’s pleochroic colors are typically A. green and blue. B. slightly greenish blue and slightly violetish blue. C. green-blue and violet. D. purple and blue. | show 🗑
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| What trace elements cause blue sapphire’s color? A. Titanium and iron B. Chromium and iron C. Magnesium and iron D. Manganese and iron | show 🗑
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| show | D. blue to violetish blue.
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| Kashmir’s most important sapphire production period was from A. 1840 to 1851. B. 1901 to 1936. C. 1881 to 1887. D. 1789 to 1802. | show 🗑
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| The name padparadscha means A. guava. B. salmon. C. Sri Lanka. D. lotus flower. | show 🗑
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| show | D. Padparadscha
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| show | D. reddish purple.
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| show | C. vanadium.
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| The most common number of rays in star corundum is A. 4. B. 6. C. 10. D. 12. | show 🗑
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| Asterism in black star sapphire is caused by A. tubes. B. hematite. C. twinning planes. D. copper platelets. | show 🗑
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| The best-quality star corundum is A. opaque. B. translucent. C. transparent. D. semi-transparent. | show 🗑
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| show | A. Red
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| What causes the pink color of corundum? A. Iron B. Copper C. Chromium D. Manganese | show 🗑
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| Which fancy sapphire hue regularly commands top prices? A. Pink B. Green C. Purple D. Yellow | show 🗑
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| Green sapphire is A. very rare. B. very marketable. C. highly saturated. D. readily available. | show 🗑
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| Which color of star sapphire is usually cut shallow due to parting? A. Pink B. Blue C. Black D. Yellow | show 🗑
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| show | B. Australia.
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| show | C. light in tone.
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| The first flame-fusion star rubies were produced in the A. 1880s. B. 1920s. C. 1930s. D. 1940s. | show 🗑
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
ahylton2517