Practice test for Chem 111, alcohols.
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The functional group of alcohol and phenols is the __ group. | hydroxyl
🗑
|
||||
| What is the general formula for alcohols? | R-OH (R represents any alkyl group)
🗑
|
||||
| For phenols, the R is what kind of group? | aryl
🗑
|
||||
| An aryl group is an aromatic ring with one __ missing. | hydrogen
🗑
|
||||
| Ethers have 2 __ or __ groups attached to the oxygen atom. | alkyl or aryl groups
🗑
|
||||
| Ethers may be thought of as substituted __. | alcohols
🗑
|
||||
| Thiols contain the __ group. | Sulfhydryl group, -SH
🗑
|
||||
| What is the structure of a thiol? | R-SH
🗑
|
||||
| The general formula for thiols is ? | R-O-R'
🗑
|
||||
| Many important biological molecules, including sugars, fats, and proteins, contain __ and/or __ groups. | hydroxyl or thiol groups
🗑
|
||||
| In biological systems, the hydroxyl group is often involved in a variety of reactions such as __, __, __, __. | oxidation, reduction, hydration, dehydration
🗑
|
||||
| How is the hydroxyl group represented in a formula? | OH (oxygen and hydrogen)
🗑
|
||||
| An aromatic ring with one hydrogen missing is called an __ group. | aryl
🗑
|
||||
| Oxidation is the __ of reduction. | opposite
🗑
|
||||
| What has 2 aryl or alkyl groups attached to the oxygen atom? | ethers
🗑
|
||||
| In glycolysis, several general steps center on the __ of the hydroxyl group. | reactivity
🗑
|
||||
| To make an ether, you take an H (hydrogen) off and replace it with an __ or __ group. | alkyl or aryl
🗑
|
||||
| What is the opposite of dehydration? | hydration
🗑
|
||||
| What process harvests ATP from glucose in the body? | glycolysis
🗑
|
||||
| The thiol group is in the structure of some __ __. | amino acids
🗑
|
||||
| The thiol group in the structure of some amino acids is essential for keeping __ in the proper 3-dimensional shape for biological function. | proteins
🗑
|
||||
| In general, an alcohol is an organic compound that contains a __ group attached to an __ group. | hydroxyl group attached to an alkyl group
🗑
|
||||
| The -OH group of alcohols is very (polar or nonpolar?) | polar
🗑
|
||||
| Many important biological molecules, including __, __, and __ contain hydroxyl and/or thiol groups. | sugars (carbs), fats (lipids), and proteins
🗑
|
||||
| Hydrogen bonds can form between __ molecules. | alcohol
🗑
|
||||
| Hydrogen bonds are not chemical bonds, but a __-__ attraction. | dipole-dipole
🗑
|
||||
| Why do alcohols boil at much higher temps than other hydrocarbons? | intermolecular hydrogen bonding
🗑
|
||||
| The thiol group in some amino acids is essential for keeping proteins in what kind of shape? This shape is vital to biological function. | three-dimensional
🗑
|
||||
| A protein that has lost its 3-dimensional shape has been __. | denatured
🗑
|
||||
| What is an alcohol? | An organic compound that contains a hydroxyl group attached to an alkyl group.
🗑
|
||||
| Alcohols with fewer than __ carbons are very soluble in water. | 4 (or 5) carbons
🗑
|
||||
| Which part of the alcohol is hydrophobic? | nonpolar region
🗑
|
||||
| Which pare of the alcohol is hydrophilic? | the polar part
🗑
|
||||
| Because of the __ __ bonding, alcohols boil at much higher temps than other hydrocarbons of similar molecular weight. | intermolecular hydrogen bonding
🗑
|
||||
| Diols have 2 __. | -OH's
🗑
|
||||
| What kind of bonds can form between alcohol molecules? | hydrogen
🗑
|
||||
| Triols have 3 __. | -OH's
🗑
|
||||
| Are diols and triols more or less water soluble than alcohols with a single -OH group? | more
🗑
|
||||
| The presence of __ __ in large biological molecules (like proteins and nucleic acids) allows intramolecular hydrogen bonding that keeps these molecules in the shape needed for biological functions. | hydroxyl groups
🗑
|
||||
| Why are alcohols with fewer than 4-5 carbons very soluble in water? | because of the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the alcohol and the water molecules
🗑
|
||||
| The presence of hydroxyl groups in large biological molecules (like proteins and nucleic acids) allows __ __ bonding that keeps these molecules in the shape needed for biological functions. | intramolecular hydrogen bonding
🗑
|
||||
| Alcohols with fewer than 4-5 carbons are very soluble in water because of the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the __ and the __ molecules. | alcohol and water molecules
🗑
|
||||
| Alcohols are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on the number of __ groups attached to the carbinol carbon. | alkyl
🗑
|
||||
| The carbinol carbon is the one that is attached to the __ group. | hydroxyl, or -OH, group
🗑
|
||||
| If the carbinol carbon has 2 hydrogens, it is probably __. | primary
🗑
|
||||
| If the carbinol carbon has no hydrogens, it is probably __. | tertiary
🗑
|
||||
| If the carbinol carbon has 1 hydrogen, it is probably __. | secondary
🗑
|
||||
| The addition of a __ molecule to the C=C (carbon-to-carbon bond) of an alkene produces an alcohol. | water
🗑
|
||||
| Adding a water molecule to an alkene is called __. | hydration
🗑
|
||||
| Hydration require a trace of __ as a catalyst. | acid/H+
🗑
|
||||
| Alcohol may also be prepared by the __ of aldehydes and ketones. | hydrogenation (this is a reduction reaction)
🗑
|
||||
| Alcohols undergo dehydration (loss of a water molecule) when heated with concentrated __ or __ acid. | sulfuric (H2SO4)or phosphoric (H3PO4) acid
🗑
|
||||
| Dehydration is an elimination reaction where a molecule loses atoms or __. | ions
🗑
|
||||
| What is formed from a dehydration reaction? | An alkene and water.
🗑
|
||||
| Dehydration of some alcohols produces a __ of products. | mixture
🗑
|
||||
| In an elimination reaction, the alkene with the __ number of alkyl groups on the double bonded carbons is the major product of the reaction. | greatest number
🗑
|
||||
| Alcohol can be oxidized with a variety of oxidizing agents into __, __, __ acids. | aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids
🗑
|
||||
| The addition of a water molecule to the carbon-to-carbon bond of an __ produces an alcohol. | alkene
🗑
|
||||
| Alcohol may also be prepared by the hydrogenation (reduction reaction) of __ and __. | aldehydes and ketones
🗑
|
||||
| Whose rule says that, in an elimination reaction, the alkene with the greatest number of alkyl groups on the double bonded carbons is the major product of the reaction. | Zaitsev's rule
🗑
|
||||
| What is the formula for sulfuric acid? | H2SO4
🗑
|
||||
| What is the formula for phosphoric acid? | H3PO4
🗑
|
||||
| An alkene and water are formed from __ reactions. | dehydration
🗑
|
||||
| The oxidizing agents used most commonly to oxidize an alcohol are solutions of basic __ __ and __ acid. | potassium permangonate and chromic acid.
🗑
|
||||
| Oxidation of a primary alchohol produces an __. | aldehyde
🗑
|
||||
| Oxidation of a secondary alcholo produces a __. | ketone
🗑
|
||||
| In an elimination reaction, the alkene with the greatest number of alkyl groups on the double bonded carbons is the __ product of the reaction. | major
🗑
|
||||
| Which kind of alcohol cannot be oxidized? | tertiary
🗑
|
||||
| Are aldehydes stable? | no
🗑
|
||||
| Potassium permangonate and chromic acid are the most commonly used __ agents on alchol. | oxidizing
🗑
|
||||
| In an elimination reaction, the alkene with the greatest number of alkyl groups on the __ __ carbons is the major product of the reaction. | double bonded
🗑
|
||||
| What is the common name for the medically important methanol? | wood alcohol
🗑
|
||||
| What is the common name for the medically important ethanol? | grain alcohol
🗑
|
||||
| What is the common name for the medically important 2-Propenol? | isopropyl alcohol
🗑
|
||||
| What is the common name for the medically important 1,2-Ethanediol? | ethyline glycol
🗑
|
||||
| What is the common name for the medically important 1,2,3-Propanetriol? | glycerol
🗑
|
||||
| Oxidation is a loss of __. | electrons
🗑
|
||||
| Reduction is a gain of __. | electrons
🗑
|
||||
| In organic systems, oxidation can be recognized as a __ of oxygen AND/OR a loss of __. | gain of oxygen, loss of hydrogen
🗑
|
||||
| In organic systems, a reduction reaction may involve a __ of oxygen or a __ of hydrogen. | loss of oxygen, gain of hydrogen
🗑
|
||||
| An alkane may be oxidized to an alcohol by __ an oxygen. | gaining
🗑
|
||||
| A primary or secondary alcohol may be oxidized to an aldehyde or a ketone by the __ of hydrogen. | loss
🗑
|
||||
| Finally, an aldehyde may be oxidized to a carboxylic acid by __ an oxygen. | gaining
🗑
|
||||
| What is the order of oxidation from an alkane to a carboxylic acid? List, in order, the compounds that form, starting with an alkane and ending with the carboxylic acid. | 1. alkane 2. primary alchohol 3. aldehyde 4. carboxylic acid
🗑
|
||||
| Reduction is a (gain or loss?) of electrons. | gain
🗑
|
||||
| In living systems, oxidation/reduction reactions are catalyzed by the actions of various __ called oxidoreductases. | enzymes
🗑
|
||||
| Oxidoreductases require compounds called __ to accept or donate a hydrogen in the reactions that they catalyze. | coenzymes
🗑
|
||||
| Oxidation is a (gain or loss?) of electrons? | loss
🗑
|
||||
| An __ may be oxidized to an alcohol by gainin an oxygen. | alkane
🗑
|
||||
| A primary or secondary __ may be oxidized to an aldehyde or a ketone by the loss of hydrogen. | alchohol
🗑
|
||||
| Finally, an __ may be be oxidized to a carboxylic acid by gaining an oxygen. | aldehyde
🗑
|
||||
| When oxidizing from an alkane to an carboxylic acid, the sequence of events would be what? Include the compounds that form and what they gain or lose. | 1. alkane gains an oxygen 2. 1* or 2* alcohol loses a hydrogen 3. The aldehyde or ketone gains an oxygen to become a carboxylic acid.
🗑
|
||||
| Phenols are compounds in which the -OH group is attached to the __ __. | benzene ring
🗑
|
||||
| In living systems, oxidation/reduction reactions are catalyzed by the actions of enzymes called __. | oxidoreductases
🗑
|
||||
| Are phenols polar or nonpolar? | polar
🗑
|
||||
| What kind of phenols are soluble in water? | simple phenols
🗑
|
||||
| Oxidreductases required compounds called coenzymes to accept or donate a __ in the reactions that they catalyze. | hydrogen
🗑
|
||||
| Where can phenols be found? | 1. flavorings 2. fragrances 3. preservatives 4. germicides
🗑
|
||||
| What do you call compound in which the -OH group is attached to the benzene ring? | Phenols
🗑
|
||||
| What preservative is made from a phenol? | butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)
🗑
|
||||
| What is the order of reduction from a carboxylic acid to an alkane? List the compounds that form in order. | 1. carboxylic acid 2. aldehyde 3. primary alcohol 4. alkane
🗑
|
||||
| Ethers have what general formula? | R-O-R'
🗑
|
||||
| The R' (R prime) symbol means that this R isn't necessarily the same as the previous __ in the structure. | R
🗑
|
||||
| The carbon-oxygen bond in an ether is polar or nonpolar? | polar (So ethers are polar)
🗑
|
||||
| Can ethers form hydrogen bonds? | No, so they can't have -OH groups
🗑
|
||||
| The boiling points of ethers are higher or lower than those of alkanes with similar molecular weight? | higher
🗑
|
||||
| The boiling points of ethers are higher or lower than those of alchols with similar molecular weight? | lower
🗑
|
||||
| When reducing from a carboxylic acid to an alkane, the sequence of events would be what? Include the compounds that form and what they gain or lose. | 1. carboxylic acid loses an oxygen 2. aldehyde gains a hydrogen 3. primary alcohol loses an oxygen 4. an alkane is formed.
🗑
|
||||
| The more molecular weight, the __ the boiling point. | higher
🗑
|
||||
| In the IUPAC naming system, the -OR substituent of an ehter is names as an __ group. | alkoxy
🗑
|
||||
| An alkoxy group is an __ group bonded to an oxygen. | alkyl
🗑
|
||||
| In the common naming system, ethers are named by placing the names of the 2 __ groups as prefixes in front of the word "ether." | alkyl
🗑
|
||||
| Are ethers chemically inert? | Yes
🗑
|
||||
| What does volatile mean? | easily vaporized
🗑
|
||||
| Ethers are highly __ and highly __. | volatile and flammable
🗑
|
||||
| Ethers may be prepared by what kind of reaction? | dehydration
🗑
|
||||
| An alkoxy group is an alkyl group bonded to an __. | oxygen
🗑
|
||||
| Dehydration reactions occur when you lose a __ molecule between 2 alcohols. | water
🗑
|
||||
| What is needed for a dehydration reaction to form an ether? | heat and an acid (which will have an H+)
🗑
|
||||
| At least one product of a dehydration reaction will be a __ molecule when forming an ether. | water
🗑
|
||||
| What was the first general anesthetic used by William Morton? | Diethyl ether
🗑
|
||||
| An __ group is an alkyl group bonded to an oxygen. | alkoxy
🗑
|
||||
| Halogenated ethers are routinely used as __ __ today. | general anesthetics
🗑
|
||||
| Dehydration reactions occur when you lose a water molecule between 2 __. | alchohols
🗑
|
||||
| Thiols are compounds that contain the __ group. | sulfhydryl or -SH
🗑
|
||||
| When naming thiols, the suffix -thiol follows the name of the __ compound. | parent
🗑
|
||||
| The amino acid __ is a thiol. | cysteine
🗑
|
||||
| 2 cysteine molecules can undergo oxidation to form __. | cystine
🗑
|
||||
| The disulfide bond a structure will be represented by what symbols? | -S-S-
🗑
|
||||
| __ __ are routinely used a general anesthetics today. | Halogenated ethers
🗑
|
||||
| An alkoxy group is an __ group bonded to an __. | alkyl group bonded to an oxygen
🗑
|
||||
| Coenzyme A is a __ and serves as a carrier of acetyl groups in biochemical reactions. | thiol
🗑
|
||||
| Acetyl groups are written how? | CH3CO-
🗑
|
||||
| The sulfhydryl group in an unnumbered cyclo structure can go __. | anywhere, or on any of the carbons
🗑
|
||||
| Hydrogenation is a __ process. | reduction
🗑
|
||||
| One R group means that an alcohol is primary, secondary, or tertiary? | primary
🗑
|
||||
| Two R groups mean that an alcohol is primary, secondary, or tertiary? | secondary
🗑
|
||||
| Three R groups mean that an alcohol is primary, secondary, or tertiary? | tertiary
🗑
|
||||
| The symbol [O] refers to an ? | oxidizing agent
🗑
|
||||
| Hydroxyl refers to an __ group. | -OH group
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
IsaacJ
Popular Chemistry sets