CHEM 343- Unit 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| aromaticity requirements | 4n+2 total electrons (odd number of pairs); all atoms must be sp2 or sp hybridized
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| antiaromatic compounds | 4 pi electrons -> free radicals, very unstable
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| inductive effects | electronegativity -> almost everything is more EN than H, but inductive effects aren't as important as resonance
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| Sandmeyer reactions | use N2 on benzene to add other substituents in its place
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| class 1 carbonyls | undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution rxns (3rd ox level)
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| class 2 carbonyls | undergo acyl additions (2nd ox level)
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| zero oxidation level | all alkanes (bound to 0 more EN atoms)
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| 1st oxidation level | (alcohol ox level) -> bound to 1 more EN atom
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| 2nd oxidation level | (ketone ox level) -> bound to 2 more EN atoms
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| 3rd oxidation level | (acid ox level) -> bound to 3 more EN atoms
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| 4th oxidation level | bound to 4 more EN atoms
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| kicking out LG on carbonyl addition | more basic= better at kicking out LG, but this can be overwhelmed by concentration effects of nucleophile
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| three important hydride sources | sodium borohydride, lithium aluminum hydride, DIBAL
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| what does LiAlH4 reduce? | acids, amides, esters, ketones aldehydes
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| what does DIBAl reduce? | acids (requires heat!), amides, esters, ketones aldehydes
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| what does NaBH4 reduce? | ketones and aldehydes only
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| # pi electrons- antiaromatic | 4n
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| # pi electrons- aromatic | 4n + 2
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Created by:
melaniebeale
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