Match drugs and receptor types to function
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What are the 3 main types of classical ntm? | Monoamines (catecholamines, 5HT), Acetylcholine, Amino acids (GABA, glutamate)
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 5 types of non-classical ntm? | Neuropeptides, lipids, gases, D-amino acids, purines
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 4 characteristics of classical neuromodulatory systems? | subcortical, long projections to cortex, excitatory or inhibitory, for arousal/attention/motivation
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 2 metabolites of NE when broken down? For DA? | MHPG, VMA for NE; HVA for DA
🗑
|
||||
| Dopa --> Dopamine needs which enzyme? | AADC
🗑
|
||||
| Dopamine --> NE needs which enz? | DBH (marker of NE cells)
🗑
|
||||
| NE --> EPIN needs which enz? | phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase
🗑
|
||||
| The substantia nigra is a region in which ntm system and what does it control? | DA. movement
🗑
|
||||
| The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a region in which ntm system and what does it control? | DA. reward/reinforcement, mood, concentration
🗑
|
||||
| What is the region of the DA system that controls olfaction? | periglomerular cells
🗑
|
||||
| The tuberophypophysialincertohypothalamic is a region in which ntm system and what does it control? | DA. hormones
🗑
|
||||
| In the DA system, how does D1-like receptors act? Which 2 receptors are they? Where are they? | increase cAMP. D1, D5. Caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, olf, hippocampus, hypothalamus
🗑
|
||||
| In the DA system, how does D2-like receptors act? Which 3 receptors are they? | decrease cAMP, open K+ channels, increase AA, decrease Ca++. D2, D3, D4
🗑
|
||||
| SKF38393. ntm system? receptor? fxn? | DA. D1. agonist
🗑
|
||||
| fenoldopam. what else is it called? ntm system? receptor? fxn? | SKF 82526. DA. D1. agonist
🗑
|
||||
| clozapine. ntm system? receptor? fxn? | DA. D4. agonist... inhibitory since reduce cAMP
🗑
|
||||
| quinpirole. ntm system? receptor? fxn? | DA. D2, D3. agonist.
🗑
|
||||
| pergolide. ntm system? receptor? fxn? | DA. D2, D3. agonist.
🗑
|
||||
| apomorphine. ntm system? receptor? fxn? | DA. D1, D2. agonist.
🗑
|
||||
| bromocriptine. ntm system? receptor? fxn? | DA. D2. agonist
🗑
|
||||
| dihydrexidine. ntm system? receptor? fxn? | DA. D1. agonist.
🗑
|
||||
| haloperidol. ntm system? receptor? fxn? | DA, D2, antagonist
🗑
|
||||
| sulpiride. ntm system? receptor? fxn? | DA, D2, antagonist
🗑
|
||||
| spiperone. ntm system? receptor? fxn? | DA, D2, antagonist
🗑
|
||||
| YM-09151-2. ntm system? receptor? fxn? | DA, D2. antagonist
🗑
|
||||
| S 14297. ntm system? receptor? fxn? | DA, D3, antagonist
🗑
|
||||
| NNC-112. ntm system? receptor? fxn? | DA, D1. antagonist
🗑
|
||||
| SCH 23390, SCH 39166. ntm system? receptor? fxn? | DA, D1, antagonist
🗑
|
||||
| Describe the pathway after D1 and D2 receptors are bound by dopamine or a drug. | receptor-->G protein-->AC-->cAMP-->PKC-->open Na+ ch. note: in D2-receptors less cAMP results in more open K+ channels
🗑
|
||||
| How many DA receptors are metabotropic? | 5 (all)
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 3 pathways for DA? Which one is for reward? | mesolimbic (reward), mesocortical, nigrostriatal
🗑
|
||||
| Where does VTA project to in the mesolimbic pathway for DA? | nucleus accumbens, amygdala, lateral septum, olfactory tubercule
🗑
|
||||
| Where does VTA project to in the mesocortical pathway that the mesolimbic pathway doesn't for DA? | prefrontal cortex, hippocampus
🗑
|
||||
| What 3 areas are involved in the reward pathway? | VTA --> nucleus accumbens --> prefrontal cortex
🗑
|
||||
| Parkinson's is due to the death of what area of which neurons? | substantia nigra, DA
🗑
|
||||
| What is the precursor for catecholamines? For 5HT? For glutamate? For GABA? For ACh? | tyrosine. tryptophan. glutamine. glutamate. acetyl coa and choline.
🗑
|
||||
| increase catecholamine levels in brain by inhibiting MAO (MAOI) | phenelzine
🗑
|
||||
| inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase. what ntm system? | AMPT. DA
🗑
|
||||
| lowers catecholamine levels by inhibiting vMAT | reserpine
🗑
|
||||
| 6-OHDA. fxn? what system? | lesions/kills catecholamine neurons (DA, NE)
🗑
|
||||
| what recreational drug causes more release of catecholamines? | amphetamine
🗑
|
||||
| what recreational drug inhibits reuptake of catecholamines? | cocaine
🗑
|
||||
| methylphenidate. fxn? what ntm system? | same as cocaine - stops reuptake of catecholamines
🗑
|
||||
| apomorphine | DA agonist, mainly D2 (DA)
🗑
|
||||
| agonists for D1 receptors (DA) | SKF 38393, fenoldam
🗑
|
||||
| SCH 23390, NCC-112 | antagonist for D1 receptor (DA)
🗑
|
||||
| quinpirole | agonist for D2, D3 receptors (DA)
🗑
|
||||
| haloperidol | antagonist for D2 (DA)
🗑
|
||||
| Locus Coeruleus (A6): where is it (approx)? where does it project to? what ntm system? fxn? | pons. all of forebrain. NE. arousal (sleep/wake)
🗑
|
||||
| Which activates the locus coeruleus to increase vigilance: internal cues (grooming, sleep) or external cues? | external
🗑
|
||||
| Paraventricular neurons are in the hypothalamus and receives NE to trigger what type of behavior? | eating
🗑
|
||||
| NE receptors are called what? Are they metabotropic or ionotropic? | adrenoceptors. all metabotropic
🗑
|
||||
| NE alpha 1 receptors do what? | excitatory: phosphoinositide 2nd messenger system to increase Ca++
🗑
|
||||
| Describe NE alpha 2 receptor fxns. | autoreceptor and receptor. inhibitory: inhibit AC-->decrease cAMP; open K+ channels
🗑
|
||||
| Describe NE beta 1 and 2 receptors' fxn. | excitatory: stimulate AC-->increase cAMP
🗑
|
||||
| what drug selectively inhibit NE uptake? | Nisoxetine (not cocaine or methylphenidate since for all catecholamines)
🗑
|
||||
| phenylephrine | NE alpha 1 agonist
🗑
|
||||
| prazosin | NE alpha 1 antagonist
🗑
|
||||
| clonidine | NE alpha 2 agonist
🗑
|
||||
| Yohimbine | NE alpha 2 antagonist
🗑
|
||||
| albuterol | NE beta agonist, mainly beta 2
🗑
|
||||
| propanolol | NE beta antagonist
🗑
|
||||
| metoprolol | NE beta 1 antagonist
🗑
|
||||
| The raphe nucleus is for which ntm system? What are the 2 main nuclei (b7, b8)? | serotonin. b7 = dorsal RN, b8 = medial RN
🗑
|
||||
| 5HT is inactivated by which enzyme? What is the metabolite? | MAO. 5-HIAA
🗑
|
||||
| Which 5HT receptor subtypes are autoreceptors? | 1B, 1D
🗑
|
||||
| What does 5HT 1A receptor do? Where are 1A receptors found mostly? | inhibitory (opp from catecholamines where subtypes 1 are excitatory and 2 are inhibitory)! decrease cAMP, open K+ ch. Found in hippocampus, DORSAL raphe nucleus, amygdala, septal area.
🗑
|
||||
| What does 5HT 2A receptor do? Where are 2A receptors found mostly? | Excitatory: 2A receptor-->G protein-->PKC, increase Ca++. Found in cortex
🗑
|
||||
| Which ntm system uses PPI 2nd messenger system? which receptor subtype? | NE. alpha 1
🗑
|
||||
| para-chlorophenylalanine | 5HT. (similar to AMPT in catecholamine) inhibits tryptophan hydroxylase.
🗑
|
||||
| What 2 drugs inhibit 5HT uptake? | SSRIs: fluoxetine, paroxetine
🗑
|
||||
| Paroxetine | SSRI (prevent 5HT reuptake). fluoxetine is also a SSRI.
🗑
|
||||
| para-chloroamphetamine. can it be dangerous? | increase 5HT release. yes - can be neurotoxic just like MDMA
🗑
|
||||
| MDMA | increase 5HT release. neurotoxic
🗑
|
||||
| What drug increases 5HT release at nerve terminals but is NOT neurotoxic? | fenfluramine
🗑
|
||||
| 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine | 5HT neurotoxin for lesioning. (similar to 6-OHDA in catecholamine system)
🗑
|
||||
| buspirone (buspar) | 5HT 1A agonist --> less 5HT released, inhibitory
🗑
|
||||
| ipsapirone | 5HT 1A agonist
🗑
|
||||
| 8-OH-DPAT | 5HT 1A agonist
🗑
|
||||
| WAY 100635 | 5HT 1A antagonist
🗑
|
||||
| DOI | 5HT 2A agonist
🗑
|
||||
| Ketanserin | 5HT 2A antagonist
🗑
|
||||
| Ritanserin | 5HT 2A antagonist
🗑
|
||||
| Sumatriptan | 5HT 1B/1D (autoreceptors) agonist, increase negative feedback on 5HT release (inhibitory)
🗑
|
||||
| Zolmitriptan | 5HT 1B/1D (autoreceptors) agonist, increase negative feedback on 5HT release (inhibitory)
🗑
|
||||
| Ondansetron | 5HT 3 antagonist
🗑
|
||||
| Granisetron | 5HT 3 antagonist
🗑
|
||||
| What is the only 5HT ionotropic receptor? | 5HT 3
🗑
|
||||
| What 6 regions in the striatum of the brain can ACh neurons be found? | laterodorsal nuclei, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus; nucleus basalis, substantia innominata; medial septum, diagonal band nuclei; caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens
🗑
|
||||
| How do mAChR work? | Inhibitory: many different mechanisms ie. PPI 2nd messenger, decrease cAMP, open K+ channels
🗑
|
||||
| Vesamicol | inhibit vesicular loading (inhibit vAChT)
🗑
|
||||
| black widow spider venom. what is a drug that has the opposite effect? | more release of ACh. botox
🗑
|
||||
| HC-3 | inhibit choline (ACh) reuptake
🗑
|
||||
| physostigmine, neostigmine, pyridostigmine | inhibit AChE reversibly, increases ACh in cleft
🗑
|
||||
| What 2 nerve gases irreversibly inhibit AChE? | sarin, soman
🗑
|
||||
| nicotine | nAChR agonist (duh...)
🗑
|
||||
| What is the other nAChR agonist besides nicotine? which is the stronger drug? | succinylcholine is stronger since it can cause depolarization block
🗑
|
||||
| mecamylamine | nAChR antagonist. same as D-tubocurarine
🗑
|
||||
| D-tubocurarine | nAChR antagonist. same as mecamylamine and curare
🗑
|
||||
| muscarine | mAChR agonist (duh...)
🗑
|
||||
| arecoline | mAChR agonist. same as pilocarpine
🗑
|
||||
| pilocarpine | mAChR agonist
🗑
|
||||
| Atropine | mAChR antagonist. same as scopolamine (can treat motion sickness)
🗑
|
||||
| Scopolamine | mAChR antagonist.
🗑
|
||||
| Where can glutamatergic neurons be found? Where do they project? Is it excit or inhib? | pyramidal neurons (hippocampus), parallel fibers of cerebellum. project to striatum, brainstem, limbic system, thalamus. Excitatory
🗑
|
||||
| Glutamine-->glutamate needs what enzyme and reagents? | glutaminase. water, ATP (the only ntm synthesis that needs energy so far!)
🗑
|
||||
| What are good markers for glutamate neurons? | VGLUT1,2,3
🗑
|
||||
| How is glutamate inactivated? | By reuptake via EAAT1,2,3 into neurons (3) or astrocytes (1,2)
🗑
|
||||
| Glutamine synthetase | in astrocytes. glutmate-->glutamine
🗑
|
||||
| Do metabotropic glutamate receptors exist? If so, what mechanism(s) do they use? | Yes, mGluR1-8. PPI 2nd messenger; inhibit cAMP; autoreceptors; but note - no mention of opening K+ channels
🗑
|
||||
| What enzyme converts glutamate to GABA? What is lost (fxnal group)? | glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). CO2 is lost from backbone end.
🗑
|
||||
| What are GABA transporters called? What do they do? Are they also on glia? | GAT1,2,3. Reuptake GABA from cleft. Yes they are on glia and on neurons.
🗑
|
||||
| What enzyme inactivates/break down GABA? What are the final breakdown pdts? Where can this enzyme be found? | GABA-T = GABA aminotransferase. succinate, glutamate. Found in neurons and glia.
🗑
|
||||
| Glutamate and ____ neurons can be found in cerebellar cortex | Gaba
🗑
|
||||
| Where do GABA neurons in the striatum project to? | substantia nigra and globus pallidus
🗑
|
||||
| Where can GABA interneurons be found? | cortex, hippocampus
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 2 types of GABA receptors? Which one is inhibitory? | GABA a, GABA b. Both are inhibitory! B by inhibiting cAMP and opening K+ channels. A by letting in Cl- ions
🗑
|
||||
| Phenylcyclidine (PCP) | NMDA (glutamate) noncompetitive antagonist. same as ketamine
🗑
|
||||
| What are 2 noncompetitive antagonists of NMDA (glutamate)? | ketamine, pcp
🗑
|
||||
| How many subunits do GABA A receptors have? Where does BDZ bind? What about barbiturates? | 5. on gamma or delta subunit. barbiturates on beta
🗑
|
||||
| What is the endogenous ligand for cannabinoid receptors? | anandamide
🗑
|
||||
| What are the endogenous ligands for opiate receptors? | endorphins, enkephalins
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
xiaohes
Popular Pharmacology sets