LS-Chapter 5
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| according to Erikson, an opennes to new experience tempered by wariness that occurs when trust and mistrust are in balance | hope
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| basic trust vs mistrust (age & strength) | infancy, hope
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| autonomy vs shame and doubt (age & strength) | 1-3 yrs, will
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| initiative vs guilt (age & strength) | 3-5 yrs, purpose
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| according to Erikson, a young child's understanding that he or she can act on the world intentionally; this occurs when autonomy, shame, and doubt are in balance | will
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| according to Erikson, balance between individual initiative and the willingness to cooperate with others | purpose
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| theoretical view that many human behaviors represent successful adaptations to the enviroment | evolutionary psychology
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| enduring socioemotional relationship between infants and their caregivers | attachment
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| age of preattachment | 6-8 wks
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| what attachment phase do infants rapidly learn to recognize their mothers | preattachment stage (birth to 6-8 wks)
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| what attachment phase do infants display many behaviors that elicit adult caregiving, (e.g., crying, smiling) | preattachment stage (birth to 6-8 wks)
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| what attachment phase do infants behave differently toward familiar vs unfamiliar adults | attachment in the making (6-8 wks to 6-8 months)
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| age of attachment | 6-8 wks to 6-8 months
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| what attachment phase are infants more easily consoled by familiar adults and act happier in their presence | attacment in the making
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| what attachment phase have infants singled out a "special" adult as their secure and stable socioemotional base | true attachment (6-8 months to 18 months)
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| age of true attachment | 6-8 months to 18 months
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| age of reciprocal relationships | 18 months on
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| what attachment phase do toddlers act as true partners in the relationship taking initiatives in interaction | reciprocal relationships (18 months and on)
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| what attachment phase can infants anticipate that parents will return after a separation, which benefits coping | reciprocal relationships (18 months on)
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| what attachment phase do toddlers begin to understand parents' feelings and goals | reciprocal relationships (18 months on)
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| which of Erkson's stages involves infants that depend on caregivers to meet their needs and provide comfort | basic trust vs mistrust (infancy)
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| which of Erikson's stages involves the infants needs not being met and the child develops wariness and a lack of comfort | basic trust vs mistrust (infancy)
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| which of Erikson's stages involves caregivers responsively and consistently meet infants needs and the child develops a basic sense of trust and openness | basic trust vs mistrust (infancy)
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| which of Erikson's stages involves Hope: the strength involving openness to new experience, tempered by wariness that discomfort or danger may arise | basic trust vs mistrust (infancy)
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| which of Erikson's stages involves children who realize they can have control over their own actions and act independently | autonomy vs doubt (1-3 yrs)
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| which of Erikson's stages involves children can feel ashamed of their capabilities and start to doubt them | occurs when autonomy is not achieved: autonomy vs doubt (1-3 yrs)
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| which of Erikson's stages involves Will: a strength involving children's knowledge that they can act on their world intentionally but within limits; arises from a blend of shame, and doubt | autonomy vs doubt (1-3 yrs)
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| which of Erikson's stages involves placing children in conflict with others or when they pursue their own ambitions without cooperating with others | initiative vs guilt (3-5 yrs)
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| which of Erikson'ts stages involves children successfully play with different roles (e.g., as a parent) and explore possibilities for themselves | initiative vs guilt (3-5 yrs)
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| which of Erikson's stages involves purpose | initiative vs guilt (3-5 yrs)
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| many human behaviors are successful adaptations to the enviroment | evolutionary psychology
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| who proposed four stages of attachment | Bowlby
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| who pioneered the study of attachment relationships using a procedure known as the Strange Situation | Mary Ainsworth
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| which attachment involves a baby that may or may not cry upon separation; want to be with mom upon her return and stops crying | secure attachment (60-65%)
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| which attachment involves a baby that is not upset by separation; in ignores or looks away when mom returns | avoidant attachment (20%)
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| which attachment involves separation that upsets baby; remains upset after mom's return and is difficult to console | resistant attachment (10-15%)
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| which attachment involves separation and return confuse the baby; reacts in contradictory ways (e.g., seeking proximity to the returned mom, but not looking at her | disorganized attachment (5-10%)
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| observers watch moms and children interact at home, then rate numerous attachment-related behaviors to form a total score | attachment Q-test
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| what correlate highly and predict later quality of relationship (e.g., insecurely attached infants later report anger with parents and low intimacy with them) | scores from Strange Situation and Q-Set
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| what results from predictable, sensitive, and responsive parenting | secure attachment
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| infant's understanding of how responsive and dependable teh mother is; thought to influence close relationships throughout the child's life | internal working model
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| who proposed that maturational social factors come together to pose eight unique challenges for psychosocial growth during the life span | Erik Erikson
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| infants must balance trust and mistrust to achiever ...., an openness to new experience that is coupled with awareness of possible danger | hope
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| by approximately .... months of age, most infants have identified a special individual-usually but now always the mother-as the attachment figure | 6 or 7
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| the single most important factor in fostering a secure attachment relationship is what | responding consistently and appropriately
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Created by:
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