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according to Erikson, an opennes to new experience tempered by wariness that occurs when trust and mistrust are in balance
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basic trust vs mistrust (age & strength)
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Life Span
LS-Chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| according to Erikson, an opennes to new experience tempered by wariness that occurs when trust and mistrust are in balance | hope |
| basic trust vs mistrust (age & strength) | infancy, hope |
| autonomy vs shame and doubt (age & strength) | 1-3 yrs, will |
| initiative vs guilt (age & strength) | 3-5 yrs, purpose |
| according to Erikson, a young child's understanding that he or she can act on the world intentionally; this occurs when autonomy, shame, and doubt are in balance | will |
| according to Erikson, balance between individual initiative and the willingness to cooperate with others | purpose |
| theoretical view that many human behaviors represent successful adaptations to the enviroment | evolutionary psychology |
| enduring socioemotional relationship between infants and their caregivers | attachment |
| age of preattachment | 6-8 wks |
| what attachment phase do infants rapidly learn to recognize their mothers | preattachment stage (birth to 6-8 wks) |
| what attachment phase do infants display many behaviors that elicit adult caregiving, (e.g., crying, smiling) | preattachment stage (birth to 6-8 wks) |
| what attachment phase do infants behave differently toward familiar vs unfamiliar adults | attachment in the making (6-8 wks to 6-8 months) |
| age of attachment | 6-8 wks to 6-8 months |
| what attachment phase are infants more easily consoled by familiar adults and act happier in their presence | attacment in the making |
| what attachment phase have infants singled out a "special" adult as their secure and stable socioemotional base | true attachment (6-8 months to 18 months) |
| age of true attachment | 6-8 months to 18 months |
| age of reciprocal relationships | 18 months on |
| what attachment phase do toddlers act as true partners in the relationship taking initiatives in interaction | reciprocal relationships (18 months and on) |
| what attachment phase can infants anticipate that parents will return after a separation, which benefits coping | reciprocal relationships (18 months on) |
| what attachment phase do toddlers begin to understand parents' feelings and goals | reciprocal relationships (18 months on) |
| which of Erkson's stages involves infants that depend on caregivers to meet their needs and provide comfort | basic trust vs mistrust (infancy) |
| which of Erikson's stages involves the infants needs not being met and the child develops wariness and a lack of comfort | basic trust vs mistrust (infancy) |
| which of Erikson's stages involves caregivers responsively and consistently meet infants needs and the child develops a basic sense of trust and openness | basic trust vs mistrust (infancy) |
| which of Erikson's stages involves Hope: the strength involving openness to new experience, tempered by wariness that discomfort or danger may arise | basic trust vs mistrust (infancy) |
| which of Erikson's stages involves children who realize they can have control over their own actions and act independently | autonomy vs doubt (1-3 yrs) |
| which of Erikson's stages involves children can feel ashamed of their capabilities and start to doubt them | occurs when autonomy is not achieved: autonomy vs doubt (1-3 yrs) |
| which of Erikson's stages involves Will: a strength involving children's knowledge that they can act on their world intentionally but within limits; arises from a blend of shame, and doubt | autonomy vs doubt (1-3 yrs) |
| which of Erikson's stages involves placing children in conflict with others or when they pursue their own ambitions without cooperating with others | initiative vs guilt (3-5 yrs) |
| which of Erikson'ts stages involves children successfully play with different roles (e.g., as a parent) and explore possibilities for themselves | initiative vs guilt (3-5 yrs) |
| which of Erikson's stages involves purpose | initiative vs guilt (3-5 yrs) |
| many human behaviors are successful adaptations to the enviroment | evolutionary psychology |
| who proposed four stages of attachment | Bowlby |
| who pioneered the study of attachment relationships using a procedure known as the Strange Situation | Mary Ainsworth |
| which attachment involves a baby that may or may not cry upon separation; want to be with mom upon her return and stops crying | secure attachment (60-65%) |
| which attachment involves a baby that is not upset by separation; in ignores or looks away when mom returns | avoidant attachment (20%) |
| which attachment involves separation that upsets baby; remains upset after mom's return and is difficult to console | resistant attachment (10-15%) |
| which attachment involves separation and return confuse the baby; reacts in contradictory ways (e.g., seeking proximity to the returned mom, but not looking at her | disorganized attachment (5-10%) |
| observers watch moms and children interact at home, then rate numerous attachment-related behaviors to form a total score | attachment Q-test |
| what correlate highly and predict later quality of relationship (e.g., insecurely attached infants later report anger with parents and low intimacy with them) | scores from Strange Situation and Q-Set |
| what results from predictable, sensitive, and responsive parenting | secure attachment |
| infant's understanding of how responsive and dependable teh mother is; thought to influence close relationships throughout the child's life | internal working model |
| who proposed that maturational social factors come together to pose eight unique challenges for psychosocial growth during the life span | Erik Erikson |
| infants must balance trust and mistrust to achiever ...., an openness to new experience that is coupled with awareness of possible danger | hope |
| by approximately .... months of age, most infants have identified a special individual-usually but now always the mother-as the attachment figure | 6 or 7 |
| the single most important factor in fostering a secure attachment relationship is what | responding consistently and appropriately |
Created by:
tseeland