Microbiology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| show | both phage DNA and bacterial DNA integrate into the chromosome of the new cell host
🗑
|
||||
| In the process of specialized transduction | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | only bacterial genes near the site of integration of the phage DNA can be transduced
🗑
|
||||
| The lambda phage DNA always integrates into the host DNA in the same specific site. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | False
🗑
|
||||
| show | Temperate virus
🗑
|
||||
| Ribotyping | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Flurorescent In Situ Hybridization, do NOT need to culture colonies
🗑
|
||||
| show | it selectively allows some molecules to pass into the organism
it prevents movement of molecules out of the organism
it is the site of protein synthesis
🗑
|
||||
| show | coccus
🗑
|
||||
| show | Site of protein synthesis
🗑
|
||||
| Plasmids are important to the genetics of many bacteria. This is because | show 🗑
|
||||
| Bacteria do not always swim aimlessly but are attracted by such nutrients such as sugar and amino acids, and are repelled by harmful substances and bacterial waste products. Movement toward chemical attractants and away from repellents is called | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | help move cells to optimal nutrient levels.
🗑
|
||||
| Gram positive cells | show 🗑
|
||||
| The presence of D-amino acids in the crosslinks of the peptidoglycan layer is most likely because | show 🗑
|
||||
| The third amino acid in the peptidoglycan crosslinking chain is either diaminopimilic acid or lysine because this amino acid must | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | do not have an outer membrane.
have large amounts of teichoic acids
have thick, homogeneous cell walls.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Clostridium difficile
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)
Drug-resistant
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
🗑
|
||||
| show | porin proteins establish holes in the outer membrane.
🗑
|
||||
| The most important role of the prokaryotic cell wall is to | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Allow the bacterium to survive extended periods of heat or dryness.
🗑
|
||||
| Serious threats | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Vancomycin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(VRSA)
Erythromycin-resistant Group A
Streptococcus
🗑
|
||||
| WHERE DO INFECTIONS HAPPEN? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 250,000 ilnesses
14,000 deaths
🗑
|
||||
| show | 2,049,442 illnesses
23,000 deaths
🗑
|
||||
| Animal to human antibiotic resistance | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Resistant bacteria
spread to other
patients from
surfaces within the
healthcare facility.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Simply using antibiotics creates resistance. These drugs should only be used to treat infections
🗑
|
||||
| show | L-Lysine cross links to D-alanine in G+
🗑
|
||||
| show | True; Archaea have monolayer, bacteria have bilayer
🗑
|
||||
| which part of the bilayer is hydrophobic | show 🗑
|
||||
| what makes up the hydrophilic portion of the bilayer | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Today, the international identification of antibiotic
resistance threats occurs through domestic importation of
novel antibiotic resistance threats or through identification
of overseas outbreaks
🗑
|
||||
| show | Advanced molecular detection (AMD) technologies, which can
identify AR threats much faster than current practice, are not
being used as widely as necessary in the United States
🗑
|
||||
| PREVENTING INFECTIONS, PREVENTING THE SPREAD OF RESISTANCE...Avoiding infections in the first place reduces the amount of antibiotics that have to be used and reduces the likelihood that resistance will develop during therapy. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | CDC gathers data on antibiotic-resistant infections, causes of
infections and whether there are particular reasons (risk factors)
that caused some people to get a resistant infection.
🗑
|
||||
| show | s the single most important action needed to greatly slow
down the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant infections
is to change the way antibiotics are use
🗑
|
||||
| show | Because antibiotic resistance occurs as part of a natural process in
which bacteria evolve, it can be slowed but not stopped.
🗑
|
||||
| show | 6-8 nanometers wide
🗑
|
||||
| show | Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions stabilize membranes by forming ionic bonds with negative charges on phospholipids
🗑
|
||||
| what is unique about Archaeal membranes? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What does the cell membrane do? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | NAM (N-Acetylmuramic acid)
NAG (N-Acetylglucosamine)
🗑
|
||||
| show | L-alanine
D-glutamic acid
If G-, DAP
If G+, Lysine
D-alanine
🗑
|
||||
| What is the configuration of beta 1-4 linkage for NAG/NAM? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | D-glu stands for D-glutamic acid
🗑
|
||||
| show | KDO
7 carbon sugar
Glucose, galactose, NAG
🗑
|
||||
| show | O-specific lipopolysaccharide
Core polysaccharide
Lipid A
🗑
|
||||
| show | Housekeeping genes. Has sufficient resolving power to distinguish between very closely related strains.
🗑
|
||||
| show | protocells…came from subsurface ocean near thermal vents. Clay played role in being a solid substrate for rxns to occur
🗑
|
||||
| SSrna strands are good candidates for phylogenetic analysis because | show 🗑
|
||||
| Most widely used molecular clocks are | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Bacteria have at least 80 unique lineages…largest group is the proteobacteria, which shows all types of microbial physiology.
🗑
|
||||
| Archaea consist mostly of | show 🗑
|
||||
| Endosymbiosis theory | show 🗑
|
||||
| Mitochondria/ Chloroplasts support endosymbiosis theory how? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Gene loss is common among obligate symbionts and parasites
🗑
|
||||
| show | 97% or greater similarity in ss rRNA = same species.
🗑
|
||||
| FAME= Fatty Acid Methyl Ester | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Examines the DNA of two closely related species and looks at where the DNA matches up. Greater than 70% means same species, greater than 25% means same genus.
🗑
|
||||
| prokaryotic species is currently defined as | show 🗑
|
||||
| many groups are phenotypically diverse... | show 🗑
|
||||
| Mitochondria arose from __________ | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | chloroplasts arose from cyanobacteria.
🗑
|
||||
| show | REC A protein= KEY TO HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION (identified in ALL domains of life)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Lytic cycle= when viruses get into cell and force cell to make more viruses, eventually lysing the bacterial cell. Virus sis a transducing agent since it contains some of the host DNA. Cell gets transduced.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Viral DNA pastes into host DNA making the virus a prophage, the cell is infected but does not produce more viruses. Viral DNA has to get cut out to be activated.
🗑
|
||||
| show | power in numbers. Genes on a plasmid can alter cell phenotype, leads to selective advantage in habitat. Plasmid transfer= highly efficient, can transmit between distantly related species
🗑
|
||||
| show | DNA from a specific region of the host chromosomes is integrated directly into the virus genome, usually replacing viral genes. ONLY HAPPENS IN TEMPERATE PHAGES. Homologous recombination may occur.
🗑
|
||||
| Transducing particle: | show 🗑
|
||||
| Rolling circle replication | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Lineage: Bacteria to fungi
Significance: Adaption to insect environment
🗑
|
||||
| Gene: Multiple genes | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Lineage: Bacteria to fungi
Significance: Adaption to rumen environments
🗑
|
||||
| show | 0.5 to 2 micrometers is the general size of bacteria
🗑
|
||||
| Biggest bacteria? | show 🗑
|
||||
| why are small cells better than large cells | show 🗑
|
||||
| Why do mutations appear so rapidly | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hopanoids= | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is unique about archaeal lipids | show 🗑
|
||||
| Bacteria and eukarya are held together by __________ ___________ | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Phospholipids and lipoproteins, which anchors the outer membrane to peptidoglycan
🗑
|
||||
| show | Channel proteins
hydrphilic, low molecular weight molecules flow through
🗑
|
||||
| FeS + H2S --> FeS2 + H2 = -42kJ. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the NAG/NAM repeating unit called? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Do gram negative bacteria have interbridges in their peptidoglycan sheet? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Space between inner surface of OM and outer surface of CM. It is gel like, and contains Hydrolytic enzymes, Binding proteins, and Chemoreceptors
🗑
|
||||
| show | 12-15 nanometers
🗑
|
||||
| show | Made of Pseudopeptidoglycan, which has the two sugar derivatives NAG + NAT, Linkage of b-1,3 (not b-1,4)
🗑
|
||||
| What is the Paracrystalline surface layer (S-layer) | show 🗑
|
||||
| why is it important to know what kind of infection you have before you take antibiotics | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | H2 are actually protons, their electrons have been stripped away to be used as fuel, resulting in an accumulation of H+ protons outside of the cell(concentration gradient). As protons flow through ATP synthase torque is created. result is ADP +Pi-->ATP
🗑
|
||||
| What is pseudopeptidoglycan | show 🗑
|
||||
| What types of cell wall can archaea have | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | paracrystalline surface layer (>50%)
🗑
|
||||
| what does B-1-3 lysozyme insensitive mean | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | lysozyme effectively attacks and breaks down the peptidoglycan of bacterial cells.
🗑
|
||||
| show | 50 genes need to be expressed to make a flagella.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Fli proteins-function as motor switch, flagellin proteins, mot proteins cause torque
🗑
|
||||
| show | Motor portion= anchored in cell wall..ring system: L-ring, p-ring, ms-ring, c-ring.
🗑
|
||||
| How many protons does it take for one rotation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | mot protein causes torque; need proton gradient to do so. proton flow causes torque.
🗑
|
||||
| What connects the motor to the filament | show 🗑
|
||||
| Peritrichous | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | single flagella at one end
🗑
|
||||
| show | numerous flagella at one end
🗑
|
||||
| What is required for gliding motility? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | response to chemicals
🗑
|
||||
| show | Phototaxis: response to light
🗑
|
||||
| Aerotaxis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Osmotaxis: response to ionic strength
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hydrotaxis: response to water
🗑
|
||||
| show | extracellular polymeric material produced by some bacteria, Capsule & Slime Layers
Polysaccharide or protein
🗑
|
||||
| What is gliding motility? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Gliding motility requires gliding-specific proteins, type four pili, and polysaccharide slime
🗑
|
||||
| show | The glycocalyx produces biofilms, assists in adherence, assists in nutrient collection, helps resist dessication, and helps evade phagocytosis.
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
shammar