Rivers
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| Discharge | the volume of water flowing in a river per second, measured in cumecs (m^3/s)
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| Precipitation | all forms of moisture that reach the Earth's surface (including rain, snow and dew).
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| Evaporation | the transformation of water droplets into water vapour by heating.
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| Evapotranspiration | the loss of water from a drainage basin into the atmosphere from the leaves of plants.
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| Surface storage | the total volume of water held on the Earth's surface in lakes, ponds and puddles.
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| Groundwater storage | the storage of water underground in permeable rock strata.
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| Infiltration | the downward movement of water into the soil surface.
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| Percolation | the gravity flow of water within soil.
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| Overland flow | the movement of water over the surface of the land, usually when the ground is saturated or frozen or when precipitation is too intense for infiltration to occur.
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| Throughflow | the movement of water downslope within the soil layer
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| Groundwater flow | the deeper movement of water through underlying rock strata
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| Dynamic equilibrium | rivers are constantly changing over time to reach a state of balance with their processes that determine their form. As the flows of energy and materials passing through a river system vary, the river changes to move towards this equilibrium.
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| Soil moisture | the total amount of water, including the water vapour, in an unsaturated soil.
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| Hydrograph | a graph showing for a given point on a stream the discharge, stage (depth), velocity or other property of water with respect to time; a graphical representation of stream discharge (volume/time) during a storm or flood event.
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| Flood | a temporary excess of water which spills over onto land.
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| Baseflow | water that reaches the channel largely through slow throughflow and from permeable rock below the water table.
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| Storm flow | water that reaches the channel largely through runoff. This may be a combination of overland flow and rapid throughflow.
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| Hydraulic radius | the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the channel and thelength of its wetted perimeter.
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| Wetted perimeter | that portion of the perimeter of a stream channel cross-section that is in contact with the water.
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| Cross-sectional area | the total length of the bed and the bank sides in contact with the water in the channel.
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| Attrition | the reuction and rounding of particles of sediment carried in water by repeated collision with each other and the banks and bed of the river.
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| Abrasion (corrosion) | is the rubbing or scouring of the bed and banks by the sedimentary material carried along the river.
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| Corrosion | occurs where rocks dissolve into the water and are carried away.
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| Topography | the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area.
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| Simuosity | the curving nature of a meander, described as: actual channel length / straight-line distance.
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| Isostatic | changes in sea level resulting from the rise and fall of land masses.
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| Eustatic | changes in sea level induced by variations in the amount of water in the oceans.
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| Recurrence interval | the interval at which particular levels of flooding will occur.
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| Urbanisation | an increase in the proportion of a country's population living in urban areas. It is sometimes used to mean the process of moving from rural to urban areas.
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| Frequency | how often floods occur.
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| Magnitude | the size of the flood.
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| Interception storage | the total volume of water held of the surface of vegetation.
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