Psychology CH 6
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| Parallel Processing | processing many things at once
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| Young-Hemholtz Trichromatic Theory | 3 Color receptors: red, blue, green
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| Opponent-Process Theory | red-green, yellow-blue, white-black, enable vision.
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| Audition | act of hearing
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| Frequency | the number of complete wavelengths at a given time
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| Pitch | tone's highness or lowness
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| Middle Ear | between the eardrum and the cochlea (hammer, anvil, stirrup)
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| Cochlea | coiled, bony, liquid filled inner ear
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| Inner Ear | innermost part of ear (cochlea, semicircular canals, vestibular sacs
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| Place Theory | pitch related to stimulus on cochlea membrane
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| Frequency Theory | rate of nerve impulse= tone frequency
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| Conduction Hearing Loss | hearing loss by damage to the cochlea receptors
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| Sensorineural Hearing Loss | hearing loss damage to the cochlea nerves
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| Cochlear Implant | device that replaces cochlea and converts sound
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| Kinethesis | sensing whereabouts of individual parts
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| Vestibular Sense | body sensory movement, position, and balance
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| Gate-control Theory | spinal cord has "gates" impulses pass through for pain
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| Sensory Interaction | one sense influences another (smell and taste)
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| Gestalt | organized whole
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| Figure-ground | organizing visual fields to objects
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| Grouping | organize stimuli into similar groups
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| Depth Perception | seeing in 3-D
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| Visual Cliff | device to test depth perception
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| Binocular Cues | depth cues
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| Retinal Disparity | sensing depth by comparing to slightly different pictures
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| monocular cues | depth cues by interposition and linear perspective
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| Phi Phenomenon | movement illusion from standstill objects
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| Perceptual Consistancy | perceiving unchanging objects
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| Color Constancy | perceiving same objects with the same color
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| Perceptual Adaption | adjust and artificially displace
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| Perceptual Set | perceive one thing and not anohter
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| Human Factors Psychology | explores how people and machines interact
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| Extrasensory Perception | perceive other than sensory input (telepathy, clairvoyance)
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| Parapsychology | study of paranormal phenomenon (ESP, psychokinesis)
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| Sensation | process environment stimuli are received
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| Perception | organizing and interpreting sensory into understanding
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| Bottom-up Processing | focusing with sensory receptors then other information
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| Top-down Processing | Higher mental process by constructing drawings on experience and expectations
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| Psychophysics | study relation between stimuli and psychological experience
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| Absolute Threshold | minimal stimuli needed to perceive fifty percent of the time
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| Signal Detection Theory | predicts how and when detection of faint stimuli begins to fail
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| Subliminal | hidden message
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| Priming | unconsciously activating perception, memory, and response
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| Difference Threshold | smallest difference between stimuli that is detectable
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| Weber's Law | for perception stimuli must have constant minimal perception
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| Sensory Adaptation | more constant stimulation equals less sensing it
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| Transduction | converting energy into another form of energy
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| Wavelength | the length between toe two crests of waves
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| Hue | the color created by wavelength
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| Intensity | the amount of energy we perceive
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| Pupil | adjustable opening in center of eye
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| Iris | Muscle around the pupil
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| Lens | clear film behind pupil
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| Retina | inner surface of eye that is light sensitive
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| Accomodation | eye lens changes shape to focus
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| Rods | retinal receptors that detects black, white, and gray
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| Cones | retinal receptors that function in daylight and detect color
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| Optic Nerve | carries neural impulse from eye to brain
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| Blind Spot | the optic nerve leaves the eye at this point and there are no receptors there
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| Fovea | center focus of retina
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| Feature Detectors | nerve cells in brain that respond to specific stimuli, shape, angle and movement
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