chemistry 2
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| VSEPR | based on an arrangement that minimizes the repulsion of shared and unshared pairs of electrons around the central atom
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| covalent bond | a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons
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| physical properties | a characteristic of matter than can be observed or measured without changing the samples composition
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| triple bond | when three pairs of electrons are shared
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| double bond | when two pairs of electrons are shared
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| single bond | when one pair of electrons are shared
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| polarity | the unequal amount between bonds
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| anion | an ion that has a negative charge
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| cation | an ion that has a positive charge
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| ionic compound | compounds that contain ionic bonds
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| ions | an atom or bonded group of atoms with a positive or negative charge
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| intermolecular forces | the attraction that holds particles together in ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds
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| intramolecular forces | the forces that do not account for all attractions between particles
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| ionic bond | the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound
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| covalent compound | the linkage between atoms or radicals of a chemical bond
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| binary compound | chemical substances made from just two chemical elements
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| diatomic molecules | a molecule composed of two atoms
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| superscript | the number used to represent the number of isotopes
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| subscript | indicates the number of the preceding element
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| covalent compounds | compounds that contain covalent bonds
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| polyatomic ions | an ion made up of two or more atoms bonded together that acts as a single unit with a net charge
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| transition metals | an element in groups 3-12 contained in the d-block
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| percent composition | the percent by mass f each element in a compound
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| mole | the SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance
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| avogadros number | 6.02*10^23
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| hydrate | a compound that has a specific number of water molecules bonded to its atoms
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| empirical formula | the formula that shows the smallest whole-number mole ratio of the elements of a compound
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| representative particle | any kind of particle
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| molar mass | the mass in grams of one mole of any pure substance
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| percent composition | the percent by mass of each element in a compound
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| molecular formula | a formula that specifies the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule of a substance
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| physical change | a change which alters a substance without changing its composition
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| chemical change | a process that involves one or more substances changing into new substances
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| coefficient | the number that appears before the reactant in an equation
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| conservation of mass | the mass of an object or collection of objects never changes nor can they rearrange themselves
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| balanced reaction | the same number of products and reactants is the same on both sides
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| chemical reaction | the observation that the product has different properties than the reactants
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| synthesis | two or more substances react to yield a single product
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| decomposition | a single compound breaks down into two or more elements or new compounds
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| single replacements | the atoms of an element replace the atoms of another element
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| double replacement | the exchange of ions between two compounds and products either a precipitate, a gas, or water
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| aqueous solution | a solution in which the solvent is water
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| precipitate | a solid produced during a chemical reaction in a solution
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| combustion | a substance reacts with oxygen releasing energy in the form of heat or light
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