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Finals

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition
Balance   principle of art concerned with equalizing visual forces  
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Symmetrical   A special type of formal balance in which two halves of a balanced composition are identical, a mirror images of each other  
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Asymmetrical   Another name for informal balance, in which unlike objects have equal visual weight or eye attractions  
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Form   Objects having three dimensions. Like shape, a form has height and width, but also depth. Forms are geometric or free-form  
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Shape   A two-dimensional area that is defined in some way. (2D) It is flat. Found in drawings or paintings  
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Line   a element of art that is a path of a moving point. A dot that moves. There can be thick, thin, horizontal, or dotted ones  
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Color   An element of art derived from reflected light  
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Value   The element of art that describes the darkness or lightness range of an object  
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Negative   Empty spaces surrounding shapes and forms. Or the empty space within an object. For example, the inside handle of a cup  
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Positive   Shapes or forms in two-and three dimensional art. The actual shape itself.  
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Movement   The principle of art used to create the look and feeling of action and to guide the viewer’s eyes throughout the work of art  
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Texture   Illusion of a three-dimensional surface based on the memory of how things feel. Rough vs. smooth  
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Variety   Principle of art concerned with difference or contrast  
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Pattern   A two-dimensional decorative visual repetition  
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Contrast   Technique for creating a focal point by using differences in elements. (Very dark areas versus very light areas creates a difference of value)  
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Primary Colors   Red, Blue, Yellow---The Main colors  
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Secondary   Green, Violet, and orange—mix primary colors  
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Complementary Colors   Colors across each other on the color wheel—Red/Green, Orange/Blue, Yellow, Violet  
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Warm Colors   Colors that pull towards you. Red, yellow, or orange  
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Cool Colors   Colors that push away from you. Blue, green, or violet  
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Intensity   Saturation or strength of a color. The brightness or dullness of a hue.  
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Proportion   Principle of art concerned with the size relationships of one part to another.  
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Perspective   A graphic system that creates the illusion of depth and volume on a two-dimensional surface.  
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Contour   A line that defines the edges and surface ridges of an object.  
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Medium   material used to create a work of art.  
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Emphasis   Principle of art that makes one part of a work dominant over other parts.  
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Media   Plural of medium  
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Shading   The use of light and dark lines to give a feeling of depth and texture.  
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Hatching and Cross-Hatching   shading created using crisscrossing lines  
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Blending Technique   Technique of shading through smooth, gradual application of tone.  
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Stippling   Shading that creates dark values by means of a dot pattern.  
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Pigments   finely ground, colored powders that form paint when mixed w/ liquid.  
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Binder   A liquid the holds to together the grains of the pigment.  
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Solvent   The liquid the controls the thickness or thinness of the paint.  
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Organic Shapes   Shapes that are found in nature, free-form shapes. Usually more curvy. Think amoeba.  
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Geometric Shapes   Found more in the math world. (Squares, Rectangles, cubes, cones, etc)  
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Arcade   A series of arches supported by columns or piers, either attached to a wall or freestanding.  
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Balustrade   A railing with supporting balusters (small closely spaced posts).  
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Blind arch   An arch with no opening.  
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Cantilever   A beam or other projection that is unsupported at one end.  
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Fanlight   A semicircular window, usually located above a door.  
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Frieze   The horizontal part of a classical entablature just below the cornice, often decorated with carvings.  
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Portico   A roofed porch usually supported by columns, often leading to the entrance of the building.  
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Turret   A small tower projected on a building.  
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Plasticity   ability of clay to stretch.  
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Functional Pottery   pottery that has a purpose. (i.e., cup holds water)  
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Non-Functional Pottery   pottery that is made for artistic purposes.  
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Scoring   to cut, scratch, or roughen up the surface of the clay usually in preparation for joining to pieces of clay using slip.  
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Impressing   a decorative technique where hard objects are pressed into clay leaving an impression of the object.  
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Sculpture in the Round   a sculpture that is interesting from all sides.  
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Blowout   an explosion that occurs in the kiln when too much moisture, uneven moisture, or air has been trapped in the clay during firing.  
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Piercing   A decorative technique in which areas of the clay are cut out leaving a design in the clay body.  
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Slab   is a piece of clay that is flattened with a rolling pin, or thrown down at an angle of surface to flatten out.  
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Knead   to work clay into a uniform mass with your hands.  
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Kiln   a furnace for firing clay.  
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Bisqueware   Ceramic work that has been fired once in preparation for glazing.  
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Coil   long snake-like piece of clay. We used this technique to create pottery by rolling up coils  
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Slip   Clay in liquid suspension. A very fluid mixture of clay and water sometimes with colored oxides added. It is used for decorating and joining pieces together.  
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Opaque Glaze   Glaze that you cannot see through, completely covers the glaze area.  
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Transparent Glaze   Glaze that you can see through after the application process.  
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Leatherhard   term that describes clay that has dried to the limit of shrinkage but still has enough moisture to retain its original wet color. the clay body can be handled, trimmed, burnished, and carved without becoming misshapen, no longer in the plastic state.  
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Applique   A form of decoration in which pieces of clay are fastened to the surface of a clay vessel by scoring & slipping. A technique common in material design especially quilting but also in metal work.  
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Bone Dry   A condition of clay when the clay is very dry and brittle. A stage after leather hard when only chemical (H2O) water is left.  
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Incise   Cutting, engraving, or carving into the clay body.  
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Mishima   A method of decorating ceramics originating in Korea. Depressions are made in the clay by stamping or incising into plastic clay and filled with an engobe of contrasting colored slip.  
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Relief   A decorative technique which carves away the negative spaces leaving the design in relief (raised) on the clay body.  
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Sgraffito   A method of decorating (known in the past as graffito) in which a design in created by incising or cutting lines through one layer of colored slip before firing.  
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Wedge   to prepare a lump of clay by alternately cutting and pounding it vigorously on a slab until it is in a homogeneous, plastic condition, free from air bubbles.  
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