CVA and SCI
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| Characteristics of left hemisphere CVA | weak/paralysis of R side
frustration
aphasia
dysphagia
motor apraxia
decrease discimination R vs L
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| Characteristics of a right hemi CVA | weak/ paralysis L side
decreased attention span
poor judgement/ awareness
memory deficits
left neglect
emotional lability
impulsive
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| Characteristics of a brainstem CVA | unstable vitals
decrease consciousness
can't swallow
weak on both sides
paralysis on both sides
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| Characteristics of a cerebellum CVA | decreased balance
ataxia
decreased coordination
nystagmus
decreased ability for postural adjustment
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| Primary risk factors for CVA | HTN
cardiac disease
DM II
Cigarettes
TIA
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| Secondary risk factors for CVA | obesity
high cholesterol
behaviors related to HTN (stress, salt)
physical inactivity
increase ETOH
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| MOI of Anterior Cord Syndrome SCI | cervical flexion
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| MOI Brown-Sequard's Syndrome SCI | (lateral cord)
Stab wound
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| MOI Cauda Equina Injuries SCI | an injury that occurs below the L1 level
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| MOI Central Cord Syndrome SCI | cervical hyperextension
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| MOI Posterior Cord Syndrome SCI | compressions of posterior spinal artery
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| Characteristics of Anterior Cord Syndrome | loss of motor fxn
pain/ temp loss below lesion due to damage of the corticospinal and spinothalamic tracts
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| Characteristics of Brown-Sequard's Syndrome | paralysis
loss of vibratory and position sense on same side as lesion (damage to corticospinal tract and dorsal columns)
loss of pain and temp sens on opp side (damage of lateral spinothalamic tract)
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| Characteristics of Cauda equina injuries | peripheral nerve injury
flaccidity
areflexia
impairment of bowel and bladder
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| Characteristics of Central Cord Syndrome | UE > LE involvement
motor deficits > sensory
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| Characteristics of Posterior Cord Syndrome | loss of pain perception
loss of proprioception
loss of 2 point discimination
loss of stereognosis
motor function preserved
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| ASIA A | Complete: no sensory or motor function in sacral segments S4-5
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| ASIA B | Sensory Incomplete: sensory preserved not motor below the neurological level extends S4-5
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| ASIA C | Motor Incomplete: motor preserved below neurologic level, most key mm below <3
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| ASIA D | Motor Incomplete: motor preserved below neurologic level, most key mm below <3
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| ASIA E | Normal: sensory and motor functions normal
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| Potential complications with SCI | DVT
Ectopic Bone
OH
Pressure Ulcers
Spasticity
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