Chapter 6
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What did Mendeleev do? | -developed the first periodic table based on properties and atomic mass
-predicted undiscovered elements
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| What did Mosley do? | -rearranged the periodic table based on atomic number to align properties
-led to the development of the current period table
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| What is Periodic Law? | -when elements are rearranged based on increasing atomic number, the properties repeat periodically
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| Arrangement of the modern table | -periods (rows)
-groups (columns)
-metals (left side)
-nonmetals (right side)
-alkali metals
-alkaline earth metals
-halogens
-noble gases
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| Noble gases end in: | s2 p6
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| Representative elements are: | all elements in the s and p blocks
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| Transition elements are: | elements in the d block
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| Inner transition metals are: | elements ion the f block
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| Noble Gases | -group 18
-unreactive and very stable (outermost levels filled)
-odorless
-nonmetals
-all end in s2 p6
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| Representative elements | Group "A" elements included in groups 1A-18A
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| Transition metals | -d block
-groups 3-12
-metallic
-last configuration is in the d block
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| Inner transition metals | -f block
-shiny and reactive
-radioactive and very unstable
-last configuration is in the f block
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| Group trends occur... | group trends occur vertically down groups (top to bottom)
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| Periodic trends occur... | periodic trends occur horizontally across groups (left to right)
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| Atomic radius | -one-half the distance between nuclei of two atoms of the same element
-measured in picometers
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| Atomic radius trends | Group and periodic trends
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| Atomic radius group trends | -atomic radius increases down a group
-because outermost orbital size increases, making the atom larger
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| Atomic radius periodic trends | -atomic radius decreases from left to right across a period because the nucleus pulls out outermost electrons and creates a greater number of protons
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| Atomic radius and valence electrons | Valence electrons aren't shielded from increasing nuclear charge. No additional electrons come in between the nucleus and valence electrons.
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| Ionic radius | -ionic radius is the size of an ion
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| Cations | -lose electrons
-metals
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| Anions | -gain electrons
-nonmetals
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| Cations are... | smaller than the atom they came from
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| Anions are... | larger than the atom they came from
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| The ionic radii of positive ions... | generally decreases from left to right
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| The ionic radii of negative ions... | generally increase from left to right
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| Ionization energy | -the energy required to remove an electron
-first IE: energy required to remove 1st electron
-each successive ionization requires more energy
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| IE- across a period | -1st IE INCREASES from left to right across a period because there is a greater attraction and tighter hold of the nucleus to the electron
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| IE- down a group | -1st IE DECREASES down a group because atomic size increases and less energy is required to remove an electron
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| Metals like to... | lose electrons
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| Nonmetals like to... | gain electrons
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| The higher the charge.... | the smaller the atom
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| The higher the charge... | the harder it is to remove electrons
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| Electronegativity | -the ability of an atom to attract electrons from another element
-DECREASES down a group and INCREASES across a period
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| Octet Rule | -atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to acquire an octet (8 electrons, making it full ans stable)
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| Alkali metals | group 1
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| Alkaline earth metals | group 2
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| Halogens | group 17
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| Noble gases | group 18
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| Periodic law | the classification of elements by increasing number, physical properties, and chemical properties
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| Transition metal ions having partially filled d orbitals usually have color. What does it mean when solutions have no color? | No color means they have filled d orbitals
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| Metals that form ions take on the same configuration as... | the noble gas before them
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| In atoms, the number of _____ is equal to the number of ____. | Protons; electrons
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| In ions, the number of protons and electrons are _____. | Different
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| Difference between periods and groups: | -periods are rows
-groups are columns
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| Metals are found on the _____ side of the periodic table. | left
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| Nonmetals are found on the _____ side of the periodic table. | right
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| Metalloids are found on the ______ on the periodic table. | Stair step (starting with Boron)
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| Elements in the same group have... | -the same number of valence electrons, and similar chemical and physical properties
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| Representative elements | -elements in groups 1, 2, 13-18
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| When atoms lose electrons and form positively charged ions, they become... | smaller
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