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Chemistry Ch. 6
Chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What did Mendeleev do? | -developed the first periodic table based on properties and atomic mass -predicted undiscovered elements |
| What did Mosley do? | -rearranged the periodic table based on atomic number to align properties -led to the development of the current period table |
| What is Periodic Law? | -when elements are rearranged based on increasing atomic number, the properties repeat periodically |
| Arrangement of the modern table | -periods (rows) -groups (columns) -metals (left side) -nonmetals (right side) -alkali metals -alkaline earth metals -halogens -noble gases |
| Noble gases end in: | s2 p6 |
| Representative elements are: | all elements in the s and p blocks |
| Transition elements are: | elements in the d block |
| Inner transition metals are: | elements ion the f block |
| Noble Gases | -group 18 -unreactive and very stable (outermost levels filled) -odorless -nonmetals -all end in s2 p6 |
| Representative elements | Group "A" elements included in groups 1A-18A |
| Transition metals | -d block -groups 3-12 -metallic -last configuration is in the d block |
| Inner transition metals | -f block -shiny and reactive -radioactive and very unstable -last configuration is in the f block |
| Group trends occur... | group trends occur vertically down groups (top to bottom) |
| Periodic trends occur... | periodic trends occur horizontally across groups (left to right) |
| Atomic radius | -one-half the distance between nuclei of two atoms of the same element -measured in picometers |
| Atomic radius trends | Group and periodic trends |
| Atomic radius group trends | -atomic radius increases down a group -because outermost orbital size increases, making the atom larger |
| Atomic radius periodic trends | -atomic radius decreases from left to right across a period because the nucleus pulls out outermost electrons and creates a greater number of protons |
| Atomic radius and valence electrons | Valence electrons aren't shielded from increasing nuclear charge. No additional electrons come in between the nucleus and valence electrons. |
| Ionic radius | -ionic radius is the size of an ion |
| Cations | -lose electrons -metals |
| Anions | -gain electrons -nonmetals |
| Cations are... | smaller than the atom they came from |
| Anions are... | larger than the atom they came from |
| The ionic radii of positive ions... | generally decreases from left to right |
| The ionic radii of negative ions... | generally increase from left to right |
| Ionization energy | -the energy required to remove an electron -first IE: energy required to remove 1st electron -each successive ionization requires more energy |
| IE- across a period | -1st IE INCREASES from left to right across a period because there is a greater attraction and tighter hold of the nucleus to the electron |
| IE- down a group | -1st IE DECREASES down a group because atomic size increases and less energy is required to remove an electron |
| Metals like to... | lose electrons |
| Nonmetals like to... | gain electrons |
| The higher the charge.... | the smaller the atom |
| The higher the charge... | the harder it is to remove electrons |
| Electronegativity | -the ability of an atom to attract electrons from another element -DECREASES down a group and INCREASES across a period |
| Octet Rule | -atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to acquire an octet (8 electrons, making it full ans stable) |
| Alkali metals | group 1 |
| Alkaline earth metals | group 2 |
| Halogens | group 17 |
| Noble gases | group 18 |
| Periodic law | the classification of elements by increasing number, physical properties, and chemical properties |
| Transition metal ions having partially filled d orbitals usually have color. What does it mean when solutions have no color? | No color means they have filled d orbitals |
| Metals that form ions take on the same configuration as... | the noble gas before them |
| In atoms, the number of _____ is equal to the number of ____. | Protons; electrons |
| In ions, the number of protons and electrons are _____. | Different |
| Difference between periods and groups: | -periods are rows -groups are columns |
| Metals are found on the _____ side of the periodic table. | left |
| Nonmetals are found on the _____ side of the periodic table. | right |
| Metalloids are found on the ______ on the periodic table. | Stair step (starting with Boron) |
| Elements in the same group have... | -the same number of valence electrons, and similar chemical and physical properties |
| Representative elements | -elements in groups 1, 2, 13-18 |
| When atoms lose electrons and form positively charged ions, they become... | smaller |
Created by:
mma129
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