Physics chps 8-10
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | differential absorption of primary x-rays that interact with underlying tissue composition of the anatomic area of interest
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| beam attenuation occurs when | show 🗑
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| show | true
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| show | ejection of electrons from atoms
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| 3 primary processes occur during x-ray interaction with anatomic tissue | show 🗑
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| show | compton
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| total absorption of the incoming x-ray photon is a result of | show 🗑
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| show | Compton effect
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| Scatter radiation reaching the IR provides...and creates...on the radiograpgh | show 🗑
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| Complete absorption of incoming x-ray occurs when it has enough energy to... | show 🗑
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| attenuation | show 🗑
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| show | incoming photon interacts with atom causing it to become excited, x-ray does not lose energy but changes direction
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| show | low energy, below diagnostic range
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| show | thompson or classical
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| show | 10 kVp or less
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| show | loss of energy of incoming photon when it ejects an outer-shell electron from atom. remaining lower-energy photon changes direction and may leave anatomic part
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| show | scatter, recoil
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| differential absorption | show 🗑
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| exit radiation | show 🗑
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| show | transmitted and scattered radiation
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| show | remove(eject) inner shell electron.
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| higher kVp = ...scatter | show 🗑
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| show | ejected electron resulting from total absorption of photon during photoelectric effect interaction
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| show | exit radiation
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| Scattering | show 🗑
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| show | no
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| show | differential absorption
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| loss of some energy from xray beam as it passes through tissue being imaged | show 🗑
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| show | ionization
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| show | absorbed, photoelectric interaction
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| show | changes direction, no interaction
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| when xray photon strikes an atom within tissue and loses only part of its energy to an outer shell electron of that atom, the photon is said to have been...and undergone... | show 🗑
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| photoelectric deals with ... shell | show 🗑
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| t/f:coherent changes direction | show 🗑
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| outer shell electron that is ejected during compton interaction is aka | show 🗑
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| show | no
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| show | true
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| T/F: any time tissue is hit = scatter | show 🗑
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| show | false, density does not matter
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| T/F: density does not matter with compton interactions | show 🗑
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| meV of pair production | show 🗑
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| show | 10 meV
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| interactions of low energy xrays (below diagnostic range) with tissue include: | show 🗑
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| xray beam that leaves patient in direction of IR is often referred to as | show 🗑
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| show | fog (washes out image)
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| show | fewer, increased
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| show | divide by 2
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| show | 15%, multiply by 2
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| efficiency of xray production increases as ... increase | show 🗑
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| penetrability of an xray beam | show 🗑
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| show | kVp and filtration
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| show | beam quality/kVp
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| Half value layer of beam measures beam ... | show 🗑
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| show | kVp
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| main purpose of added filtration | show 🗑
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| two primary forms of xray interaction in diagnostic range | show 🗑
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| show | classical
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| outer shell electron is ejected and atom is ionized with ... interactions | show 🗑
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| Xray interaction that involves ejection of K-shell electron | show 🗑
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| As kVp ... probability of photoelectric absorption ... | show 🗑
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| show | photoelectric
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| show | pair production
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| show | photodisintegration
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| show | absorption and scattering
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| negative contrast agent | show 🗑
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| barium is a good contrast agent because | show 🗑
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| show | photoelectric absorption
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| Find following: 200 mA, .05 sec, 70 kVp ... mA, .01 sec, 80 kVp | show 🗑
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| show | 400 mA x .06 sec = 24
answer = .12 sec
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| show | radiation quality
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| increase in mAs will increase ... | show 🗑
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| purpose of wedge filter | show 🗑
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| purpose of adding filtration to an xray beam | show 🗑
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| show | photoelectric effect
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| high kVp in chest xrays will increase/decrease contrast/patient dose or demonstrate spine? | show 🗑
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| show | both visibility (photographic properties) and sharpness (geometric properties of recorded detail
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| show | photographic properties
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| sharpness is aka | show 🗑
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| show | proper balance of radiographic density and radiographic content
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| radiographic density -controlled by | show 🗑
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| show | radiographic density
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| to maintain density, milliamperage and ... have an inverse relationship | show 🗑
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| show | decreases
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| ... changes the penetrating power of xray beam and has a direct effect on density | show 🗑
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| show | increases
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| show | 30%
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| % of kVp needed to see changes on film | show 🗑
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| show | decreases
-compensating a change on film
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| show | mAs
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| increased film speed = ... density and ... resolution | show 🗑
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| radiographic contrast is combined result of -affects ... of recorded detail | show 🗑
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| a radiograph with few densities but great differences among them is said to have ... -described as ... | show 🗑
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| a radiograph with a large number of densities but little differences among them is said to have ... -described as ... | show 🗑
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| kilovoltage has an inverse relationship with | show 🗑
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| show | low,
high
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| show | fog,
contrast
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| show | pediatric
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| show | decreased
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| thicker part = ... + ... decreased | show 🗑
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| show | contrast negatively, density
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| film speed increases, mAs ... and density ... | show 🗑
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| kVp increases, contrast ... or more ... | show 🗑
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| show | photoelectric affect
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| positive contrast agent | show 🗑
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| show | quantity/dose
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| if you decrease/increase distance, you need to decrease/increase | show 🗑
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| # of xrays in useful beam = ... | show 🗑
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| show | mAs
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| show | 4 times
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| intensity is always ... when distance is decreased | show 🗑
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| if filter thickness increases, intensity ... | show 🗑
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| if quantity is doubled, optical density... | show 🗑
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| show | kVp
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| show | mAs
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| show | 100%
70 kVp, 20 mAs --> 80 kVp, 40 mAs
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| intensity formula | show 🗑
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| beam quality affected by 2 | show 🗑
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| beam quality NOT affected by ... 2 | show 🗑
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| show | kVp
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| show | beam filtration (eliminates lower energies)
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| show | quality increases, quantity decreases
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| energy loss at coherent | show 🗑
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| show | 10 kVp or less
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| coherent interaction | show 🗑
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| interaction where atom is ionized (outer shell kicked out) | show 🗑
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| T/F: with compton interaction, electron retains most of its energy | show 🗑
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| show | any angle
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| show | photoelectric (absorption)
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| 2 interactions at a higher energy radiation than diagnostic | show 🗑
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| photodisintegration occurs at ... energy level | show 🗑
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| show | 1.02 meV
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| higher k-shell binding energy is directly proportional to what characteristic of atom | show 🗑
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| show | bone
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| image fog is caused by | show 🗑
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| show | kVp, atomic number and mAs
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| attenuation is caused by | show 🗑
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| transmitted means | show 🗑
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| show | interaction
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| show | scatter
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| spatial resolution improves with | show 🗑
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| show | less detail, more noise
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| density | show 🗑
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| mAs determines the ... that wil be produced | show 🗑
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| an increase in mAs will result in an increase in | show 🗑
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| the controlling factor for density is ... because ... | show 🗑
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| ... is directly proportional to density | show 🗑
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| in order to make a significant change in density, mAs should be increased/decreased by ... | show 🗑
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| an increase in kVp will result in an ... in density because of | show 🗑
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| it only takes ... kVp to double density of a radiograph | show 🗑
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| show | SID
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| an increase in SID will ... density | show 🗑
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| show | beam and compensating
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| beam filtration amount | show 🗑
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| beam filtration filters | show 🗑
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| beam filtration above 2.5 Al will result in | show 🗑
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| show | differences in tissue thicknesses
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| show | decrease
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| increased of distance does not change ... | show 🗑
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| show | further distance
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| filtration measured in | show 🗑
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| show | .5 mm Al
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| inherent filtration found in | show 🗑
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| show | greatest intensity on cathode side of tube
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| show | form of body
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| show | radiograph with few densities but great differences among them
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| high contrast aka | show 🗑
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| show | radiograph with large number of densities but little differences among them
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| long scale contrast aka | show 🗑
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| show | object to distance distance
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| show | grays
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| show | overall blackness produced on image after processing
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| show | radiograph with few densities but great differences
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| show | high contrast
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| SID | show 🗑
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| show | grays
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| show | scatter radiation
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| show | short
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| several densities = ... scale contrast | show 🗑
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| total amount of filtration | show 🗑
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| show | increasing
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| show | 70 or below
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| if filament temperature increases, there is ... mAs | show 🗑
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| show | mAs1/mAs2 =d1(squared)/d2(squared)
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| too much filtration cuts down on ... | show 🗑
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| with hardening, only ... xrays come through | show 🗑
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| trough filtration used for | show 🗑
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| show | mAs, kVp
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