Chemistry Quarter 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Chemistry | Science that deals with the materials and the universe and the changes that these materials undergo.
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| Atoms | The smallest units of elements with properties of the element.
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| Atoms can be named after: | Scientists, places, color
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| Most abundant elements in the Universe: | Hydrogen & Helium
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| 6 Branches of Chemistry | Organic, Inorganic, Physical, Analytical, Biochemistry, Theoretical
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| Aristotle | Believed there were 4 elements: Earth, Water, Fire, Air, and above all the Eather
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| Alchemists | Midivil scientists that tried changing the chemical makeup of materials, specifically gold.
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| Henri Becquerel | Discovered radiation in 1896.
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| Marie Curie | Coined the term "radiation" and won the Nobel Prize.
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| Rutherford | Determined the composition of atoms.
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| Observation | Noting a measurement or quality of some substance or process
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| Qualitative | No measurements.
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| Quantitative | Measurements taken.
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| Macroscopic | Large scale.
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| Microscopic | Atomic scale.
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| Interpretation | Our ideas based on observations we have made.
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| Experiment | Method of collecting data to evaluate a hypothesis.
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| Variable | A quantity that can change
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| Independent Variable | Variable you change in an experiment (only 1 independent variable per experiment!!).
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| Dependent Variable | Outcome that we measure.
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| Constant | Factor that doesn't change.
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| Control | Standard by which the test results can be compared.
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| Theory | Explanation based on observations and investigations.
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| Scientific Law | Natural Law. Rule of nature that seems to be true all the time, but doesn't explain why.
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| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space.
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| Mass | Measure of amount of matter (g, kg).
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| Volume | Amount of space (L, ml, cm^3, m^3)
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| Density | Mass per unit volume (D=m/v) (g/cc, kg/m^3)
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| Element | Pure substance made of only one kind of atom (cannot be separated into simpler substances).
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| Allotrope | Different forms of the same element.
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| Compound | Substance made of 2 or more elements chemically combined.
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| Molecule | Atoms stuck together by bonds.
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| Extensive Property | Depends on amount of matter. ex: mass
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| Intensive Property | Doesn't depend on amount of matter. ex: density, boiling/melting point, magnetism
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| Physical Property | Inherent characteristics: size, shape, boiling point
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| Chemical Property | Ability to form new substances.
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| Physical Change | Change in appearance without a change in identity.
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| Chemical Change | A new substance is formed.
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| Law of Conservation of Mass | Mass isn't gained or lost during a chemical reaction.
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| Standard Measurement | Exact quantity people agree to use for comparison.
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| Length | Distance between two points.
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| Derived Unit | Combination of different units.
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| Measuring Temperature | SI Unit is the Kelvin (K)
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| Thompson Model | Discovered electron using cathode tube ray. Plum Pudding Model.
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| Bohr Model | Atom mostly empty space. Electrons orbit like planets around the sun.
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| James Chadwic | Discovered the neutron in 1932.
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| 1st level | 2 electrons
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| 2nd level | 8 electrons
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| 3rd level | 18 electrons
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| 4th level | 32 electrons
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| Valance Electrons | Electrons in outer level or sublevel.
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| Quarks | Make up protons and neutrons.
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| Average Atomic Mass | Average mass of all isotopes of an element.
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| Atomic Number | Number of protons. Usually equal the number of electrons.
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| Atomic Mass | Number of protons plus number of neutrons.
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| Isotope | Same element with a different number of neutrons.
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| Allotrope | The same element or isotope with a different formation.
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| Half Life | Amount of time it takes for half of a sample of an isotope to break down into other elements.
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| Carbon Dating | Using the decay of C-14 to determine the age of organic substances.
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| Electron Dot Structure | Shorthand method of showing the number of valence electrons of an element.
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| Ion | An atom that has gained or lost electrons.
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| Positive Ion | Cation. Lost an electron. More protons. Usually metals.
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| Negative Ion | Anion. Gained an electron. Fewer protons. Usually non-metals.
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| Oxidation Number | Combining the ability of an element (charge of an ion).
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| Chemical Bond | Force that holds atoms together in a compound.
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| Ionic Bond | Electrons are transfered, creating opposite charges which attract.
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| Chemical Formula | Indicates the elements in a compound and the ratio of those elements.
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| Type 1 Binary Compound | 2 Elements
A-Group metal + non metal
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| Type 2 Binary Compound | Transition metal + non metal
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| Type 3 Binary Compound | 2 non metals share electrons
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| Polyatomic Ions | A group charged atoms that act like a single ion.
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| Acid | Substance that detonates hydrogen ions. Usually begins with H.
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| Conversions | G ••M••KHD|B|dcm••mu••n
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| AMU | 1.66x10^-24
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| Avagadro's Number | 6.02x10^23
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| Hydrate | Compound with water attached.
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| Chemical Reaction | A well defined example of a chemical change.
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| S | amorphous solid
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| Cr | crystaline solid
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| L | liquid
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| g | gas
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| Aq | aqueous
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| Strong Electrolytes | Almost all ions in solution. Completely dissociates.
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| Weak Electrolytes | Few ions in solution- equilibrium. Somewhat dissociates.
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| Nonelectrolytes | Almost no ions in solution. Ions dissoiciate from one another.
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| Molecular Equation | Listed as molecules.
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| Complete Ionic Equation | Lists all ions.
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| Net Ionic Equation | Remove spectator ions.
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| Synthesis Reaction | 2 or more substances combine to form a new ion.
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| Combustion Reaction | Synthesis reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen to produce energy in the form of heat and light. From hydrocarbon.
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| Decomposition Reaction | One substance breaks down into 2 or more simpler substances.
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| Single Displacement Reaction | One element replaces another in a compound.
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| Double Displacement Reaction | 2 elements replace others in a compound.
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| Acid Based Reaction Reaction | Substances that ionize to form H+ in solutions.
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| Bases | Substances that react with H+ ions formed by acids.
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| Strong Acid/Base | Strong electrolytes
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| Weak Acid/Base | Weak electrolytes
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| Neutralization | Occurs when a solution of an acid and base are mixed.
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| Oxidation Reduction Reaction | When a metal gives up electrons to a non metal.
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