Chapter 5
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Electromagnetic spectrum | -series of waves including visible and invisible light
-visible: ROYGBIV
-invisible: everything else
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| Wavelength | -lambda
-distance between two crests
-measured in nm, m, cm
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| Frequency | -v
-number of waves
-1/s, s to the neg. 1st, Hz
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| Speed of light | -3.00 x 10 to the 8th m/s
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| Finding speed of light (equation) | c=λv
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| Finding wavelength (equation) | λ=c/v
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| Finding frequency (equation) | v=c/λ
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| Finding energy (equation) | E=h*v (h=Planck's constant) (v=frequency)
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| Planck's Constant | 6.6262 x 10 to the -34 J/S
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| What did Max Planck propose? | -proposed that light was emitted is "packets" of energy called quanta
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| What is excited state? | -when an electron gains energy
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| What is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle? | -declares that it is impossible to know the velocity and position of a particle at the same time
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| Who proposed the Quantum Mechanical Model and what did it conclude? | -Schrodinger and Heisenberg
-concluded that electrons are not found in orbits, but rather in atomic orbitals
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| What is a quantum? | -the amount of energy needed to move an electron away from the nucleus
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| What are quantum numbers? | -regions in space where electrons are found
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| Sublevels | S, P, D, F
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| S | -spherical
-1 orbital
-maximum # of electrons: 2
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| P | -dumbbell
-3 orbitals
-maximum # of electrons: 6
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| D | -clover
-5 orbitals
-maximum # of electrons: 10
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| F | -forget about it
-7 orbitals
-maximum # of electrons: 14
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| Aufbau Principle | -electrons enter orbitals at the lowest energy level first
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| Pauli Exclusion Principle | -no more than 2 electrons can occupy an orbital
-electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins
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| Hund's Rule | -when electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy, one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitals contain one electron with parallel spins
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| Exceptional configurations | -only applies to elements that end in d4 and d9
-exception: a half-full d sublevel is more stable than a partially-filled d sublevel
-(ex) elements go from: 4s2 3d4 to 4s1 3d5
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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