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Chemistry: Ch. 5
Chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Electromagnetic spectrum | -series of waves including visible and invisible light -visible: ROYGBIV -invisible: everything else |
| Wavelength | -lambda -distance between two crests -measured in nm, m, cm |
| Frequency | -v -number of waves -1/s, s to the neg. 1st, Hz |
| Speed of light | -3.00 x 10 to the 8th m/s |
| Finding speed of light (equation) | c=λv |
| Finding wavelength (equation) | λ=c/v |
| Finding frequency (equation) | v=c/λ |
| Finding energy (equation) | E=h*v (h=Planck's constant) (v=frequency) |
| Planck's Constant | 6.6262 x 10 to the -34 J/S |
| What did Max Planck propose? | -proposed that light was emitted is "packets" of energy called quanta |
| What is excited state? | -when an electron gains energy |
| What is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle? | -declares that it is impossible to know the velocity and position of a particle at the same time |
| Who proposed the Quantum Mechanical Model and what did it conclude? | -Schrodinger and Heisenberg -concluded that electrons are not found in orbits, but rather in atomic orbitals |
| What is a quantum? | -the amount of energy needed to move an electron away from the nucleus |
| What are quantum numbers? | -regions in space where electrons are found |
| Sublevels | S, P, D, F |
| S | -spherical -1 orbital -maximum # of electrons: 2 |
| P | -dumbbell -3 orbitals -maximum # of electrons: 6 |
| D | -clover -5 orbitals -maximum # of electrons: 10 |
| F | -forget about it -7 orbitals -maximum # of electrons: 14 |
| Aufbau Principle | -electrons enter orbitals at the lowest energy level first |
| Pauli Exclusion Principle | -no more than 2 electrons can occupy an orbital -electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins |
| Hund's Rule | -when electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy, one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitals contain one electron with parallel spins |
| Exceptional configurations | -only applies to elements that end in d4 and d9 -exception: a half-full d sublevel is more stable than a partially-filled d sublevel -(ex) elements go from: 4s2 3d4 to 4s1 3d5 |
Created by:
mma129
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