A&P 1
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| Cardiac muscle has what? | intercalated discs.
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| Skeletal muscle is what? | striated.
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| Smooth looks just like what? BUT... | cardiac muscle but doesn't have intercalated discs.
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| Smallest to largest units of a muscle... | sarcomere, myofibril, muscle fiber, muscle fasicle, and THE muscle.
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| What are the three layers of a muscle? | epimysium, perimysium, & endomysium.
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| What does epimysium surround? | THE muscle.
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| What does perimysium surround? | the muscle fasicle.
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| What does endomysium surriound? | the muscle fiber.
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| The sarcoplasm is basically what? | the cytoplasm for the muscle.
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| What is the sarcolemma basically? | the cell membrane. surrounds the muscle fiber.
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| What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum? | a pouch filled with calcium.
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| What are the T tubules? | where the electronic signal travels through.
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| What is the triad? | formed by an T tubule and two terminal cisternae.
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| Thick filaments contain what? | myosin.
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| Thin filaments contain what? | actin.
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| F-actin and G-actin are? | the active sites.
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| Nebulin is what? | holds F-actin together.
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| Contraction duration depends on what three things? | duration of neural stimulus, number of free calcium ions in sarcoplasm, and availability of ATP.
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| What are the three twitch periods? | latent, contraction phase, & relaxation phase.
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| Muscle cells do not do what? | increase in number but they do increase in diameter or size.
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| Glycolysis is primarily for what? | peak muscle activity.
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| Creatine is what? | storage for excess ATP.
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| Cori cycle is what? | lactic acid removal and recycling through the liver. Converts into pyruvate to use as energy.
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| EPOC= | out of breath & repay of oxygen debt.
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| EPOC stands for what? | excess post-exercise oxygen consumption.
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| What are the functions of skeletal muscle? | produce skeletal movement, maintain posture and body position, support soft tissues, guard entrances and exits, maintain body temperature, & store nutrient reserves.
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| The collagen fibers of the epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium come together to form what? | bundles known as tendons or broad sheets called aponeuroses.
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| What is the neuromuscular junction? | is the synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle cell. This connection enables communication between the nervous system and a skeletal muscle fiber.
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| Muscle fatigue is in result from? | muscle's reduced ability to contract due to low pH, low ATP levels, or other problems.
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| What is oxygen debt? | is the amount of oxygen required to restore normal, pre-exertion conditions in muscle tissue.
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| What are the three types of skeletal muscle fibers? | fast fibers, slow fibers, intermediate fibers.
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| The connective tissue coverings of a skeletal muscle, listed from superficial to deep, are | epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium.
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| The command to contract is distributed deep into a muscle fiber by the | transverse tubules.
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| The detachment of the myosin cross-bridges is directly triggered by | the hydrolysis of ATP.
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| A muscle producing near-peak tension during rapid cycles of contraction and relaxation is said to be in | incomplete tetanus.
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| The type of contraction in which the tension rises, but the load does not move, is | an isometric contraction.
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| An action potential can travel quickly from one cardiac muscle cell to another because of the presence of | gap junctions and intercalated discs.
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| Lise the three types of muscle tissue in the body. | smooth, cardiac, and skeletal.
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| The ________ contains vesicles filled with acetylcholine. | synaptic terminal.
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| What structural feature of a skeletal muscle fiber is responsible for conducting action potentials into the inferior of the cell? | transverse tubules.
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| What five interlocking steps are involved in the contraction process? | exposure of active sties; attachment of cross-bridges; pivoting of myosin heads; detachment of cross-bridges; and activation of myosin heads.
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| What two factors affect the amount of tension produced when a skeletal muscle contracts? | both frequency of motor unit stimulation and the number of motor units involved affect the amount of tension produced when a skeletal muscle contacts.
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| What forms of energy reserves do resting skeletal muscle fibers contain? | resting skeletal muscle fibers contain ATP, creatine phosphate, and glycogen.
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| What two mechanisms are used to generate ATP from glucose in muscle cells? | aerobic metabolism and glycolysis generate ATP from glucose in muscle cells.
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| What is the calcium-binding protein in smooth muscle tissue? | calmodulin.
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| Areas of the body where you would not expect to find slow fibers include the | eye and hand.
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Created by:
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