Exam#1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Law of Mutliple Proportions | if 2 elements can combine to form more than one compound- i.e. CO and CO2 (will do so in ratios of simple whole numbers, i.e. 1:1 1:2 in prev case)
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| Rutherford | postulated that a paticles (nuclei that have lost their two electrons, and weigh much more than do electrons) should mostly go through goil foil, maybe with a little deflection from electrons; not so
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| Proton | positivally charged particles
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| Electron | negativally charged particles-1/1800 the mass of a proton or neutron
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| Neutrons | neutral mass- slightly higher mass than a proton
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| Atomic Number | number of protons- listed as whole number on periodic table
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| Mass Number | total number of protons and neutrons
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| Isotope | two or more atoms that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
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| Nuclide | another term for one particular isotope
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| Group | vertical column, see shared properties- 1-18
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| Period | horizontal rows- end with noble gases
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| Metal | malleable (can be pounded into thin sheets) and ductile (can be pulled into wires), they're lustrous and they conduct heat and elecrticity well (L)
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| Non-Metal | usually gases or soft solids that don't conduct electricity or heat (R)
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| Group 1A | alkali metals
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| Group 2A | alkali earth metals
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| Group 7A | halogens
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| Group B | transition metals
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| Molecule | an aggregate of at least 2 atoms held together in a definite arrangement by chemical forces (chemical bonds)- can be a pure element (H2), or a compound (H2O)
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| Chemical Formulas | indicates the types of elements present and their relative proportions- ex. Na, H2, H2O, CO
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| Ionic Compound | made up of positive and negative ions held together by electrostatic forces- metal (+) with mno-metal (-) - ex. NaCl, Fe2O3, Mg(NO3)2, NaNO3
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| Ion | an atom or group of atoms possession a net positive or negative charge
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| Cation | lose electron(s), have a positive charge- i.e. Na+
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| Anion | gain electron(s), have negative charge- i.e. Cl-
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| Neutral Object | contain equal numbers of positively and negatively charged particles
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| Molecular Formula | show the number and type of each element present in a compound
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| Organic Compounds | compounds containing carbon and a small number of other elements
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| Hydrocarbons | are made of H and C, have certain functional groups that have predictable chemical properties
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| Empirical Formula | the lowest whole number of elements in a compound
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| Monoatomic Ions | ions of single atoms- i.e. MgCl2, Kl
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| Binary Ionic Compounds | ionic compounds with two elements
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| Polyatomic Ions | ions made up of two or more atoms- i.e. NO3= nitrate
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| Molecular compounds | contain discrete molecular units- usually non-metals
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| Binary Molecular Compounds | compounds named with the name and number of the first element followed by the name and number of the second element with its ending changed to "-ide"- i.e. HCl= hydrogen chloride, SiC= silicon Carbide
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| Acid | produce H+ (in the form of H3O+) when dissolved in water- their formulas contain one or more H group in addition to an anion
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| Hydrate | a substance that contains water molecules weakly bound in its crystals
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| Chemical Reaction | indicates conversion of reactants to products- could be indicated by color chang, ppt, gas , heat, or nothing, rearrangements of atoms
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| Chemical Equation | shorthand for what you start with going to what you get (balancing by inspection...
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Created by:
jpclark
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