Exam#1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Matter | anything that has mass and takes up space (macro/microscopic)
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| Chemistry | the study of matter and the changes it undergoes
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| Mass | describes the quantity of matter in an object
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| Weight | the force of gravity exerted on an object- can be different on different planets, use the word weighing though we really mean massing
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| Law of Conservation of Mass | in a non-nuclear chemical reaction, mass is not creatd or destroyed
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| Solid | keeps shape and volume, low compressability
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| Liquid | keep volume but not shape, relative compressability
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| Gas | doesn't hold shape or volume, high compressability
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| Physical Changes | invlove altering the physical state of a substance without changing its chemical composition (melting, freezing, boiling, condensation)
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| Physical Properties | describes the color, odor, melting/freezing point, density, etc. of a substance and do not change the composition or identity of a substance
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| Chemical Changes | involve altering chemical identity of a substance ( also called chemical reaction)
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| Chemical Properties | characteristics of how a substances undergoes chemical change- such as: hydrogen burns in oxygen to make water
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| Pure Substance | a single chemical entity- one kind of matter with a set of constant physical and chemical properties- may be element or a compound- it cannot be seperated into other kinds of matter by any physical properties
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| Element | contain single type of atom- they cannot be decomposed by any chemical reaction into simpler substances
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| Atom | the smallest piece possible of an element
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| Elemental Symbols | abbreviation used to represent an atom of a element- one or two letters, only first one is capitalized
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| Compound | substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined
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| Law of Definite Proportions | different samples of the same compound always contain its constituent elements in the same proportion by mass- i.e. all samples of CO2 have the same ratio by mass of C to O
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| Mixture | contain two or more substances each or which retain it own distinct identity and can be seperated by physical means
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| Heterogeneous Mixture | mixture has distinct phases or parts- i.e. oil and water, sand in water, iron fillings in salt
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| Homogeneous Mixture | mixture has a uniform appearance and composition thoughout
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| Precision | refers to the closeness of the set of values obtained from identical measurements of a quantity (values close together)
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| Accuracy | refers to the closeness of a single measurement to its true value (close to true value)
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| Significant Figures | number of meaningful digits in a repeated number, only the last digit in the number is not known with certainty
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| Doubtful Digit | the last digit is uncertain but signficant- ex. when you measure a rod you get 9.12, 9.11, and 9.13; the first two numbers (9.1) are certain, the next digit is an estimate with some uncertainty
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| Scientific Notation | used to remove ambiguity of a number- especially to simplify very large/small numbers
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| Exact Numbers | have infinite number of significant figures (counted quantities, definitions)- ex. there are 9 coins in a bottle, 12 inches in a foot
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| Density | how concentrated some form of matter is- specifically the ratio of mass to volume
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| Meter | SI base unit of length
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| Kilogram | SI base unit of mass
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| Second | SI base unit of time
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| Derived Unit | combinations of the fundalmetal quantities of length, mass, time, etc.- ex. density in g/mL, velocity in m/s
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| Temperature | scale established by arbitrarily, but consistantly, setting fixed points and temperature increments called degrees
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| Factor-label/Dimensional Analysis Method | used to convert one unit to another
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| Unit/Conversion Factors | used to perform factor-label calculations- ex. 7 days in a week, 10 pennies to a dime
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Created by:
jpclark
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