Quiz 3 Psych
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| Definition of Sensation | is the process by which a stimulus such as light- or sound-waves are detected by special receptors
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| the process by which a stimulus such as light- or sound-waves are detected by special receptors is a | sensation
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| Definition of Transduction | process by which a sensation is transformed into the language of the nervous system; that is into neural impulses
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| process by which a sensation is transformed into the language of the nervous system; that is into neural impulses is | transduction
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| Stimulus from the outside world is an example of | transduction
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| Definition of Top-Down Processing | involves using experiences and expectations to shape perceptions
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| involves using experiences and expectations to shape perceptions is | Top-Down Processing
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| I interpreted the stimuli as dogs rather than elephants because I expected there to be dogs in the house is an example of.. | Top-Down Processing
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| What is the definition of Sensory Adaptation | the process by which the nervous system stops responding to non-changing stimulation
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| the process by which the nervous system stops responding to non-changing stimulation | Sensory Adaptation
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| you may notice the seat when you first sit down but you become unaware of it, the longer you sit on it due to | Sensory Adaptation
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| What is Perceptual Set | is a schema that shape how you perceive things
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| is a schema that shape how you perceive things is .. | perceptual set
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| if you know that the person you are talking to has been in prison, you may be more likely to perceive his behavior as manipulative is an example of | Perceptual Set
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| How many theories are there of color vision and what are they | 2: Trichromatic Theory and Opponent-Process Theory
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| What is Trichromatic Theory | states that there are 3 different types of cones that are sensitive to lightwaves of different lengths
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| Short, medium, and long cones are an example of | trichromatic theory
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| Opponent-Processing Theory | states that we process color in terms of either-or-complementary colors
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| blue vs yellow; red vs green; and black vs white is an example of | Opponent-Processing Theory
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| What theory explains the second stage of color vision at the level of the bipolar cells and helps to explain the visual illusion of negative afterimages as well as color weaknesses. | Opponent-Processing Theory
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| What is so special about the color yellow | Despite not having cones that are sensitive to yellow, we can see yellow. Yellow is perceived when both red and green cones are stimulated simultaneously
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| What are the 9 Gestalt Principles that are used in a top-down fashion to help us recognize objects | proximity, similarity, figure/ground, continuity, closure, motion parallax, common fate, and goodness of form. These
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| Our perception is aided by 3 visual constancies, what are they | shape constancy, color constancy, size constancy
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| Shape Constancy | we view the shape of an object as constant despite how distorted the retinal image is
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| Color Constancy | we perceive colors as remaining the same regardless of the level of light
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| Size Constancy | we perceive objects to remain the same size regardless of the size of that object on the retina
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| objects with smaller retinal images are perceived to be further away and vice versa is an example of | size constancy
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| Monocular Depth Cues | linear perspective, occlusion, texture gradient, position relative to the horizon, relative size, familiar size, and motion parallax, among others
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| When adjacent spots on the skin receive cold and warm stimulation, what does the skin feel | sensation of hot
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| The fact that we don’t taste food as well when our nose is stuffed is an example of | sensory interaction
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| What is lens | helps bring objects into focus; this happens when small muscles change the curve and the thickness of the lens
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| The order in which the retina’s layers process visual stimulation is as follows | 1. rods and cones
2. bipolar cells
3. ganglion cells
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| Who identified feature detectors in the brain which consist of nerve cells | Hubel and Wiesel
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| Conduction hearing loss is due to problems within the | middle ear
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| Place theory suggests that | the pitch we hear is related to the place the chochlea’s basilar membrane is stimulated
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