Chemistry Standard 2 Vocabulary
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| Chemical Bond | An electrical force linking atoms together. Many different ty’pes. ALL involve electrons!
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| Covalent Bond | Bond that results from the sharing of pairs of electrons (two electrons) between NONMETALS (only).
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| Polarity | Describes how equally bonding electrons are shared between atoms.
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| Hydrogen Bonding | Weak attraction between partial (
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| Molecule | Simplest structural unit of an element or compound. Can be one atom, or more than one atom.
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| Diatomic | Molecule made of two atoms. Di-two atomic-atoms. Oxygen, Nitrogen, Chlorine, Fluorine, and Chlorine are diatomic molecules.
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| Monatomic | Molecule made up of only one atom. Noble gasses are key examples of monatomic molecules.
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| Octet Rule | Atoms will lose, gain, or share electrons in order to achieve a full valence shell.
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| Ionic Bond | Bond that results from transfer of electrons (electrical attraction) from metal cations and nonmetal anions. Held together in a repeating pattern (crystal lattice) by electrostatic attraction.
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| Single Covalent Bond | Bond where nonmetals share a pair (2) of electrons.
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| Double Covalent Bond | Bond where nonmetals share two pairs (4) of electrons.
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| Triple Covalent Bond | Bond where nonmetals share three pairs (6) of electrons.
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| Nonpolar Covalent Bond | Bond where electrons are shared equally by bonded atoms.
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| Polar Covalent Bond | Bond where electrons are shared unequally by bonded atoms.
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| Electrostatic Attraction | Force between atoms of opposite charges, holds atoms together in ionic bonds.
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| 0.0 – 0.5 | Electronegativity difference in a nonpolar covalent bond.
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| 0.5-1.5 | Electronegativity difference in a polar covalent bond.
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| > 1.5 | Electronegativity difference in an ionic bond.
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| Polyatomic Ions | Ions made of more than one atom.
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| Metallic Bonding | Bond resulting from the attraction of metal atoms and the sea of electrons.
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| Crystal Lattice | The unique repeating pattern in the arrangement of atoms in an ionic compound.
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| Delocalized Electrons | Electrons that are not associated with a single atom or one covalent bond.
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| Salt | Ionic compound, produced by electron transfer of nonmetal and metal atom.
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| Dissociate | Ionic compounds dissociate (separate) when dissolved in water.
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| Electrolyte | Solution of ionic compound which conducts electricity.
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| Intermolecular Force | Holds different molecules together. Fights against molecular motion holding molecules in place. Present in solids and liquids, nearly absent in gasses.
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| Molecular Motion | Temperature-dependent movement of molecules. Fights against intermolecular forces.
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