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Chemistry Std2 Vocab
Chemistry Standard 2 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemical Bond | An electrical force linking atoms together. Many different ty’pes. ALL involve electrons! |
| Covalent Bond | Bond that results from the sharing of pairs of electrons (two electrons) between NONMETALS (only). |
| Polarity | Describes how equally bonding electrons are shared between atoms. |
| Hydrogen Bonding | Weak attraction between partial ( |
| Molecule | Simplest structural unit of an element or compound. Can be one atom, or more than one atom. |
| Diatomic | Molecule made of two atoms. Di-two atomic-atoms. Oxygen, Nitrogen, Chlorine, Fluorine, and Chlorine are diatomic molecules. |
| Monatomic | Molecule made up of only one atom. Noble gasses are key examples of monatomic molecules. |
| Octet Rule | Atoms will lose, gain, or share electrons in order to achieve a full valence shell. |
| Ionic Bond | Bond that results from transfer of electrons (electrical attraction) from metal cations and nonmetal anions. Held together in a repeating pattern (crystal lattice) by electrostatic attraction. |
| Single Covalent Bond | Bond where nonmetals share a pair (2) of electrons. |
| Double Covalent Bond | Bond where nonmetals share two pairs (4) of electrons. |
| Triple Covalent Bond | Bond where nonmetals share three pairs (6) of electrons. |
| Nonpolar Covalent Bond | Bond where electrons are shared equally by bonded atoms. |
| Polar Covalent Bond | Bond where electrons are shared unequally by bonded atoms. |
| Electrostatic Attraction | Force between atoms of opposite charges, holds atoms together in ionic bonds. |
| 0.0 – 0.5 | Electronegativity difference in a nonpolar covalent bond. |
| 0.5-1.5 | Electronegativity difference in a polar covalent bond. |
| > 1.5 | Electronegativity difference in an ionic bond. |
| Polyatomic Ions | Ions made of more than one atom. |
| Metallic Bonding | Bond resulting from the attraction of metal atoms and the sea of electrons. |
| Crystal Lattice | The unique repeating pattern in the arrangement of atoms in an ionic compound. |
| Delocalized Electrons | Electrons that are not associated with a single atom or one covalent bond. |
| Salt | Ionic compound, produced by electron transfer of nonmetal and metal atom. |
| Dissociate | Ionic compounds dissociate (separate) when dissolved in water. |
| Electrolyte | Solution of ionic compound which conducts electricity. |
| Intermolecular Force | Holds different molecules together. Fights against molecular motion holding molecules in place. Present in solids and liquids, nearly absent in gasses. |
| Molecular Motion | Temperature-dependent movement of molecules. Fights against intermolecular forces. |