Physics Study based on Flight Simulator
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Stored energy due to height and gravity | Potential Energy
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| The energy of motion | Kinetic Energy
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| State the Law of the Conservation of Energy | Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it only changes form
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| The distance something travels per unit time | Speed
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| Speed in a given direction | Velocity
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| What type of quantity is velocity? [Advanced] | A vector quantity
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| What makes velocity a vector quantity? [Advanced] | Vectors have both magnitude (size) and direction (e.g. 35mph west)
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| The highest speed that can be reached by a falling object is its __________ | terminal velocity
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| Terminal velocity is achieved when ____ | the force of gravity (pulling down on the object) is cancelled by the force of drag (air resistance pushing upward)
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| What happens as a plane climbs? | Its speed decreases as kinetic energy (motion) is converted into potential energy (position).
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| What happens as a plane dives? | Its speed increases as potential energy (position) is converted into kinetic energy (motion).
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| What is force? | A push or a pull on an object
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| What two things does a vector quantity have? [Advanced] | Magnitude and direction
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| Force is what type of quantity? [Advanced] | a vector quantity
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| What are the 4 forces of flight, and in which direction do they act? | Lift pushes upward, weight (the force of gravity) pulls downward, thrust moves the plane forward, and drag resists it.
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| What do we call the force every object in the universe exerts on every other object? | The Force of Gravity
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| What is the acceleration of gravity on Earth | 9.8 m/sec^2
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| What is the acceleration of gravity on the Moon? | 1.6 m/sec^2; approximately 1/6 of Earth's gravity
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| The force of gravity on the mass of an object gives us its ________. | Weight
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| What is the payload on an airplane? | The payload is the total mass of cargo, crew, and passengers in the plane.
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| What is the force that helps pilots overcome the weight of the plane? | Lift
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| What is the direction of lift? | Lift is "up." Its force is perpendicular to the plane in level flight in the opposite direction of weight.
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| What two things does lift depend on? | Lift depends on airspeed and the angle of attack
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| "As airspeed increases, the pressure drops" is an example of what principle? | The Bernoulli principle
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| According to the Bernoulli principle, where is the pressure highest on a plane's wing? | The pressure is highest under the wing because the air is traveling slower.
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| According to the Bernoulli principle, what creates lift? | The pressure above the wing is lower than the pressure below the wing, causing a net force upward (lift).
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| What is net force? | The sum of all the forces exerted on an object.
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| State Newton's 1st Law of Motion | An object in motion will remain in motion, and an object at rest will remain at rest, unless acted on by an unbalanced force.
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| What is inertia? | The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion
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| State Newton's 2nd Law of Motion | A net force exerted on an object will produce a proportional acceleration. (That is, if an unbalanced force acts on an object, it will accelerate)
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| What is sometimes stated as "for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction? | Newton's 3rd Law of Motion
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| When a plane takes off, what action/reaction is at work? | The propeller pushes air backwards, and the air pushes back on the propeller and attached plane, moving it forward (thrust).
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| How is a parked plane an example of Newton's 1st Law of Motion? | A parked plane will not move unless a force acts on it.
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| How is a plane in the air an example of Newton's 1st Law of Motion? | A plane in the air will fly at a constant speed if all the forces on it are balanced.
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| What force resists the movement of the airplane through the air? | Drag
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| Why do engineers try to decrease drag? | Drag slows down the plane and lessens fuel economy.
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| What is the direction of drag? | Drag acts along and opposed to the direction of flight.
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| What are flaps? | Flaps are a portion of the wing that can be raised or lowered to control drag and lift.
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| How do flaps effect the forces on an airplane? | When flaps are up, drag and lift decrease; when flaps are down, drag and lift increase.
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| When might a pilot want to increase both drag and lift? | A pilot would want to increase drag and lift when landing the plane: drag slows the plane down, and lift keeps it from crashing.
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| What is thrust? | Thrust is a push forward along the direction of drag.
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| Apply Newton's third law to thrust from a propeller. | As the propeller pushes the air backwards, the air pushes the propeller and attached plane forward. We call this forward force thrust.
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| What word is applied to the up and down movement of a plane's nose? | Pitch
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| How do we control pitch? | The elevator(s) on the horizontal surface of the tail are used to control pitch
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| What word is applied to the left and right movement of the plane's nose? | Yaw
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| How do we control yaw? | The rudder on the upright surface of the tail controls yaw.
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| When the plane rotates around the axis in the middle of the plane, we call that a _______ | Roll
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| Roll is controlled by | The ailerons on the back surface of the wing. One goes up and the other down.
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| What is stability? | Stability is the property of an airplane to return to its original position when disturbed by an outside force.
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| What two design features help create stability? | 1. dihedral wings (the wing tips are higher than where it attaches to the plane's body, and 2. triangular tail shape which helps control pitch like arrow feathers.
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| What do we call the spot on an object where all weight is centered and balanced? | Its center of gravity. In an airplane, this is found forward of the wings.
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| What is torque or moment? [Advanced] | Torque is calculated by force multiplied by the distance from a pivot point (fulcrum)
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| How do we calculate torque? [Advanced] | T(torque) = F(force) * d (distance from fulcrum/pivot point)
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| When all forces acting on an object cancel each other, so the net force is 0, we call them this: | Balanced forces
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| Unbalanced forces result in a net force in some _______. | direction
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| When unbalanced forces act on an object, the object does this. | Accelerates in the direction of the net force.
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| If a plane is flying level at a constant speed, what can you tell about the 4 forces of flight acting on it? | The forces are balanced.
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| When a plane is flying level at a constant speed, which of Newton's Laws of Motion is at work? | Newton's 1st Law of Motion: an object in motion remains in motion in the same direction at the same speed unless acted on by unbalanced forces.
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| If a pilot applies more throttle, and the plane accelerates, which of Newton's Laws is at work? | Newton's 2nd Law of Motion: A net force exerted on an object will produce a proportional acceleration.
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| The rate of change in speed of an object (speeding up or slowing down) | Acceleration
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| Solve a practice problem (using 5 step method) What is the speed of a car that goes a distance of 125 km in 2 hours? | 62.5 km/h
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| Solve a practice problem (using 5 step method) If a student takes 3 seconds to run to first base at an average speed of 6.5 m/s, what distance did she run? | 19.5 m
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| Solve a practice problem (using 5 step method) A swimmer's average speed is 8 m/s. What will her time be in a 200 m race? | 25 s
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| Solve a practice problem (using 5 step method) What is the acceleration of a skater that goes from 0 m/s to 6 m/s in 12s? | 05 m/s^2
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| Solve a practice problem (using 5 step method) If a water skier with a mass of 55 is pulled with a force of 110N, what will the acceleration be? | 2 m/s^2
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| Solve a practice problem (using 5 step method) [Advanced] What is the weight of a 65 km student on earth? | 637 N
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