Regents Chem - atomic theory
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Proton | subatomic particle with a positive charge and mass of 1 amu. Found inside the nucleus.
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| Neutron | subatomic particle with neutral charge and a mass of 1 amu. Found inside the nucleus.
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| Nucleon | protons and neutrons (found inside the nucleus)
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| Electron | subatomic particle with a negative charge and no significant mass (1/1836 amu). Located outside nucleus
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| Orbital | region outside the nucleus where you have a 90% probability of finding an electron
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| Mass number | protons + neutrons. The top number in an elements notation.
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| Atomic number | # protons
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| Isotopes | same element (same # protons) but with different numbers of neutrons (different mass)
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| Ions | elements that have a charge due to the gain or loss of electrons. Gaining electrons creates a negative ion
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| Ground state | electrons are in their lowest energy levels (ie: magnesium, 2-8-2)
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| Excited State | electrons are excited and at least one electron is in a higher than normal energy level (ie: magnesium 2-7-3)
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| Electron configuration | lists the number of electrons in each energy level. Max #’s: 1st level: 2; 2nd level: 8; 3rd level: 18; 4th level: 32
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| Lewis (Electron) Dot Structure | element symbol with dots around it, representing the valence electrons. 1st 2 electrons are paired and the rest fill uniformly.
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| Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment | alpha particles (+2) were aimed at gold foil. Two things were proven: 1-the atom is mostly empty space; 2-there is a dense positive center (nucleus)
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| kernel | everything but the valence electrons (nucleus + inner electrons)
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| Bohr Model | model of the atom with the nucleus surrounded by energy levels containing the electrons
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| Wave Mechanical (Electron Cloud) Model | current atomic model. Electrons are located in orbitals (where you have a 90% probability of finding an electron)
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| A negative ion | has more electrons than protons
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| A positive ion | has more protons than electrons
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| A neutral atom | # protons same as # electrons
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