Soc of Dev Final
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| goffman | social interaction
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| social interaction | immediately establish social identity based on outward appearance. unconsciously create demands and virtual identity. VI conflicts with AI, causing stigma.
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| stigma | greek. to expose something bad and unusual about the moral status of the signifier.
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| virtual identity | character we impute to the individual based on our judgement
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| actual identity | category and attributes the individual actually posess
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| discredited | differences are known about and/or evident on the spot
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| discrediting | differences neither known about nor recognized by those present
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| the own | sympathetic individual. group of stigmatized individuals who share your stigma, and therefore understand your experiences dealing discrimination against it
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| the wise | sympathetic individual. stigmatized individuals who have successfully overcome obstacles of their stigmas, and can therefore educate other stigmatized individuals
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| why discuss feminist perspectives | perspectives other than mens', challenege biological & social assumptions of women's roles in the world, challenge the social organization structure & develop strategies for change, appraise the roll of men's power in the making and challenge that power
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| three main feminist perspectives: simpson | liberal feminism, social feminism, radical feminism
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| liberal feminism | unfavorable definitions, and the changes within. liberal, white. gender inequality created when artificial differences are emphasized is attacked. must work within law structure, update systems, and change laws. (i.e. unfair wages)
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| social feminism | capitalism and male domination, redefine state and economial and political. critical of liberalists. challenge class structure of the feminist reform, includes class. problems with synthesis of class and gender.must create a new social structure, rev.
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| radical feminism | about the acts of sexuality. problems with sexual violence and control were being ignored, alternate sexualities. problem is sex, not gender. male domiation, the act of control by men. must create personal control of sexuality and reproduction
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| focuses for women and deviances | gender, age, race, class, socioeconomic status
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| women and police | white women treated with more chivalry, race is more important than gender, women more likely to produce evidence (men 4 time more likely to be arrested & searched than women)
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| women and courts | generally treated more leniently, but sentenced more harshly if gender norms are violated. marital status (single) can produce more negative effects (esp. in black women), courts are "male"
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| women and corrections | men & women not treated same. race & class effect sentencing, women put in reformatores, not prisons (treated child-like). women as masculine criminals are dangerous, and put in prisons (mostly black women) prisons seen as control sites
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| social constructivism | critical reflection on, analysis of, the making, reproduction, and maintenence of social meanings and those meanings' relation to our classifications and understanding of our social world
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| conflict theorists | interested in what produces change, what aspects of society are disruptive (industrialized society), how disruptions are related to divisions of power, wealth, and prestige (perceptions)
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| conflict perspective | understanding and studying the relationship between social classes and social inequality
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| class | how a group of people in society relate to a system that produces good and services in that society
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| conflict theory and deviance | structural economic and political inequalities are core to the making of deviance/deviants. systems deal with deviants in response to, and for the maintence of inequalities, not their resolution.
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| functionalist perspective | what produces stability
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| conflict/class based theory: central propositions | social rules emerge from power struggles bw groups, rule enforcement is determined by those with power (social, economic, political) labeling is a sign of power, labeled is weakness, powerful define behaviors as deviant to protect their own interests
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| karl marx | 1818-1883. political economist, philosopher, social revolutionary. looked at history in terms of class struggle. wrote "the communist manifesto" and "das kapital". linked capitalism to social inequity.
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| the proletariat | the working classes. those who have nothing to sell but their labor power.
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| the bourgeoisie | the capitalist/ruling class. those who own the corporations, factories, land, and technology.
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| producing deviants: development and changing of categories, definitions, and images | uses labeling, create negative identies for the "others". categories and definitions support dominant priorities (not necessarily majority, but most powerful)
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| producing deviants: development and changes of problem populations | groups which call into question relations and moral authority of relations of production, esp those that challenge class relations and relations of production
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| producing deviants: devlopment and operation of the control systems | normalacy is good, difference challenges status quo. difference needs "handling" for the smooth functioning of the capitalist system. difference needs institutional control. based on goals of dominants.
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| hindrance control: modes of appropriation of products of human labor | people who "steal" from rich. thieves, wealth liberators. blue collar stealing is bad, white collar abuse is business.
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| hindrance control: social conditions of capitalist production | people who demand change of, refuse to work in, or cannot participate in "wage labor". reformists, strikers, disabled, homeless, child labor laws
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| hindrance control: patterns of consumption | people who refuse to adjust or conform to standard (capitalistic) economic practices. recycleres, anti-shoppers, vegans, anti-business
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| hindrance control: patterns of distribution | people acting outside legal exchange system. thieves, ebay
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| hindrance control: patterns of socialization | those who reject systemized "learning" (school, degree, job, family, die) slackers, dropouts
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| hindrance control: patterns of ideology | those who challenge hegemonic ideals, suggest alternative social arrangements/organization. activists, trouble-makers, sex equality, stay at home dads
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| problem populations | threats to the social relations of production in capitalist society in some way
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| threat to appropriation | poor stealing from rich. violates "how to get it" rules.
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| threat to production | those who refuse to work. violates "how to make it" rules.
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| threat to consumption | those who retreat to drugs, recycling, driving hybrids. violates the "how to consume it" rules.
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| threat to socialization | those who refuse schooling, or who don't believe in the benefits of family life. violates that "how to support it" structures.
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| threat to capitalist ideology | those who protest capitalist society. violates the "how to play along with the rules" rules
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| social junk | relatively non-threatening groups. costly burden, harmless to social goals. assumed that conditions are chronic, priority for resolution is low. discredit lies in failure to conform. state agents of control (mental hospitals, AA, welfare)
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| social dynamite | groups posing immediate threat to ruling class. potential to call existing relations into question. threat to validity of established order. politically volatile. needs immediate action, assumed intense. likely to be controlled by police and legal systems
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| social control | overt behavior with the belief that those actions will increase or decrease future behaviors, and that increase or decrease is desirable
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| social control goals | deliberate attempts at changing behavior, meant to ensure conformity to norms, can be used to enhance positive behaviors as well as eliminate negative ones
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| social control through internalization of group norms by group members | conformity encouraged through socialization. internal adoption of group expectations. members are self-motivated to conform. no need for conscious effort to secure compliance. adhearance without question. second nature.
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| social control through external pressures from others through sanctions (reinforcements) | conformity depends on external pressures to encourage particular behavior, maintenence or change. negative and positive sanctions, formal and informal application.
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| social control achievment (through internalization of norms) | people learn, know, and accept the group's norms. conform and comply to them. take them for granted. accept those norms as their own when choosing behaviors.
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| external sanctions: negative sanctions | tries to discourage behavior, punishes that behavior.
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| external sanctions: positive sanctions | reinforces continuation of behavior, and rewards it.
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| external sanctions: manners of application: formal | social. "gossip". effective in small groups. shaming, ridicule. uses language, uses language, facial exresssion, threat of informal sanction keeps people in line.
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| external sanctions: manners of application: informal | legal, judicial. fines, jail. used when informals fail. society demands them in times of strife, upheaval. threat of formal sanction further keeps people in line.
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| agents of social control | anyone who tries to manipulate the actions of others using formal sanctions
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| gary marx' new surveillance characteristics: transcends distance, physical barriers | seeing through walls, in the dark. hidden truths.
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| gary marx' new surveillance characteristics: transcends time, records stored and retrieved | combined, info can be used under new contexts where never before. portable. immense storage capabilities.
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| gary marx' new surveillance characteristics: low visibility or invisibility | more and more difficult to know if and when you are being "watched"
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| gary marx' new surveillance characteristics: decentralized self-policing | control comes within the social relations nd settings in which control is to be exacted. our actions activate surveillance.
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| gary marx' new surveillance characteristics: shift from specific suspect to all being suspect | guilty until proven innocent
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| gary marx' new surveillance: more intensive | invasive: even seeing within the body testing of blood, urine, nano-bots
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| gary marx' new surveillance: more extensive | net is getting wilder, invisibile almost
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